Total Productive Maintenance Guide
Total Productive Maintenance Guide
1
PEOPLE
SUPPORTIVE
LEAD TIME PRACTICE
20
REDUCTION KEYS
LEVELING/
EMPLOYEE
SMALL LOT
INVOLVEMENT/
WHITE SHIRT
PROCESS
CAPABILITY Pull
SIX SIGMA System
SUPPLIER
DEVELOPMENT QUICK
SET-UP
CONTAINER
-IZATION/ TOTAL
TRANSPOR-
TATION PRODUCTIVE
WPO
& MAINTENANCE
ERROR PLANT, VISUAL
PROOFING MACHINE, MANAGEMENT
OFFICE
LAYOUT
2
TPM STRATEGIES
Loss
Elimination
Planned Operator
Maintenance Autonomous
System Maintenance
Six
Supporting
Strategies
To TPM
Initial Education
Control And
System Training
Zero
Defects
3
What Do The Following
4
5
L in u m fla v u m l.
6
7
8
9
10
11
What Did The Previous
Slides Have In Common ?
12
TPM . . . . . What It Is
13
Why Do We Need TPM ??
Competition
Current Condition
JIT
. . . . To Support AMPS
14
What Is The Origin Of
Total Productive Maintenance ?
From:
United States - Henry Ford - Preventive Maintenance
To:
Japan - Nippon Denso - Productive Maintenance
15
What Does TPM Stand For ?
Includes:
P Productive Perfect
16
Definition:
A set of activities for
restoring equipment to its
optimal condition and
changing the work
environment to maintain
those conditions through
daily maintenance activities.
17
Objective:
To restructure the
corporate culture
through behavioral
changes and equipment
improvements.
TE
AR
ALL
DOW W
N
THE
18
Intent:
19
Purpose:
To identify productivity
losses and involve all
members of the company
in loss elimination
programs.
L O S S
20
What Are The Benefits For YOU?
21
PEOPLE
SUPPORTIVE
LEAD TIME PRACTICE
20
REDUCTION KEYS
LEVELING/
EMPLOYEE
SMALL LOT
INVOLVEMENT/
WHITE SHIRT
PROCESS
CAPABILITY Pull
SIX SIGMA System
SUPPLIER
DEVELOPMENT QUICK
SET-UP
CONTAINER
-IZATION/ TOTAL
TRANSPOR-
TATION PRODUCTIVE
WPO
& MAINTENANCE
ERROR PLANT, VISUAL
PROOFING MACHINE, MANAGEMENT
OFFICE
LAYOUT
22
TPM is a Team Effort
Team AM Begins and works it’s way
through all employees including the
New Hire of Today.
23
TPM Class Make-up
All Shifts Of Production Operators
Unit Maintenance/Tool Personnel
Unit Management
Plant Management
24
25
Photo Of
Operators In Initial
Clean-Up
26
Photo From
President’s Clean-
Up
27
Current Conditions To Improve:
Workplace Organization
28
29
30
31
32
Current Conditions To Improve:
Workplace Organization
33
34
35
36
37
What Can Be Expected?
Productivity:
Valueadded improvement 1.5 to 2 times.
40% reduction in breakdowns.
Overall equipment efficiency up 1.5 to 2 times
Quality:
Reduction in Work-In-Process (WIP) defects.
Reduction in Parts Per Million (PPM).
Cost:
Production costs reduced by 30%.
Quality cost reduced by 30%.
38
What Can Be Expected?
Delivery:
Reduced finished goods inventory by 50%.
100% on-time delivery.
Reduced premium freight by 60%.
Education:
Skill upgrading of employees.
39
Comparison Of Key Indicators
Before / After AMPS / TPM
After After
Indicator Before
AMPS TPM
Labor As A % Of Sales 28.9% 21.2% 18 %
Scrap As A % Of COS 5% 1.5% 0.7%
Finished Goods Inventory5 Days 1.2 Days 0.5 Days
40
“Maintenance personnel in half of
U.S. plants spend 50% of their
time fixing problems instead of
preventing them.”
Maintenance Technology, Inc. 1992
60%
55.00%
50%
40%
30%
20%
15.00%
10%
8.00%
0%
Corrective Preventive Predictive
41
Equipment Failure Statistic
37% Of Equipment Failures Are Due To
Poor Lubrication Management
Lubrication Method
13.0%
Lack Of Lubricant
24.0%
42
Equipment Failure Statistic
Of Equipment Failures Are Due
12% To Dirt And Poor Clean-Up
Habits
Lubrication Method
13%
Lack Of
Dirt Lubricant
12% 24%
Other Equip.
Failures
51% Source: JIPM
43
TPM Measurements :
Downtime # of Equipment Failures
Planned Minor Stoppages
Unplanned Maintenance Costs
Changeover Time Accidents
Equipment Check Time Defect Rate
Clean-up Time
44
MEASUREMENTS
In-Company Defect Cost Rate Delivery Rate
1000
95 8
Point
800 1 s
- 90
600 3
Better
85
400
200 80
'90/9 '91/3 '91/9 '92/3 '92/9 '93/3 '93/9 '90/9 '91/3 '91/9 '92/3 '92/9 '93/3 '93/9
45
MEASUREMENTS
5Accidents/Year 100Suggestions/Year
Better
4 80
Better
3 60
32
Times
2 40
1 20
0 0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1990 1991 1992 1993
46
47
48
49
VIDEO
INTRODUCTION
TO TPM
50
BREAK ?
BREAK !!!
BREAK!!!!!!!!!!!!!
51
EDUCATION
52
What Are Skills?
The ability to respond to a
situation, without any
hesitation, based on prior
experience and training.
53
Levels Of Skills
54
Ability Needed From Operators
55
Ability Needed From
Maintenance Group
56
TPM One Point Lesson
No.
Theme
Date Of
Preparation
Basic Team Super- Unit Prepared
Kaizen Trouble
Category Knowledg Leader visor Manager By:
Cases Cases
e
Date Executed
ACTUAL Teacher
RESULTS
Student
57
TPM One Point Lesson
1. Basic Knowledge
58
TPM One Point Lesson
No. 223
Theme Visual Control Date Of
Preparation 5-Feb. 2002
Basic Team Super- Unit Prepared
Kaizen Trouble
Category Knowledg Leader visor Manager By:
Cases Cases
e
X KF DR MA CR
Site Gage for hydraulic fluid: Oil must stay within the “Full”
And “Low” level lines.
Date Executed
ACTUAL
3-5
Teacher KF
RESULTS
Student SB
59
TPM One Point
Lesson
2. Kaizen Cases
This category is used to document
improvement cases that have been
completed. This sheet will benefit
other teams for possible
implementation on their lines.
60
TPM One Point Lesson
No. 235
Theme Error Proofing Date Of
Preparation 5-Mar. 2002
Basic Team Super- Unit Prepared
Kaizen Trouble
Category Knowledg Leader visor Manager By:
Cases Cases
e
X KF DR MA CR
Before condition: Forgetting to clamp flange in place.
Clamp Clamp
Locator Flange
Switch
Date Executed
ACTUAL
3-5
Teacher KF
RESULTS
Student SB
61
TPM One Point
Lesson
3. Trouble Cases
trouble with a piece of equipment, and
what was done to solve the problem.
This category is very helpful if a past
problem occurs again and it is difficult
This category is used to document to
remember how it was repaired.
62
TPM One Point Lesson
No. 255
Theme Tool Brealage Date Of
Preparation 5-Jun. 2002
Basic Team Super- Unit Prepared
Kaizen Trouble
Category Knowledg Leader visor Manager By:
Cases Cases
e
X KF DR MA CR
Before Condition:
Key
Frequent arbor breakage
Arbor
--
--
Break
Key
Improved Condition:
Arbor
Relocated key
Date Executed
ACTUAL
6-5
Teacher KF
RESULTS
Student SB
63
TPM Training Outline
Class # 1 : Program Overview At Work Team
Meetings
65
Outside Source Support Training
Screws, Bolts, & Fasteners
Equipment Safety
OIL Lubrication
Hydraulics
Pneumatics
Drive Systems
Electrical Systems
Machine Systems
66
VIDEO
PARADIGMS
67
LOSS ELIMINATION
68
Breakdowns & Defects Can Be
Divided Into 2 Loss Categories
69
Why Chronic Losses
Remain Unsolved
Counter- No satisfactory resultsAlmost
A measures Giving
Taken No sign of improvementUp
70
Chronic Loss Causes
Cause Cause
Cause Cause
72
Before Clean-Up Photo
73
Chronic Losses Are Generated By
The Lack Of Equipment Reliability
Design
Manufacturing
Installation
Operation
Maintenance
74
What Are
Slight Defects?
75
Photo Of
Shavings On Bender
76
Why Should A High Priority
Be Placed On Slight Defects?
Stop the snowball effect of
accumulating defects.
To get to the root cause.
Slight defects will develop
into critical defects.
Forced deterioration will
shorten the life span of the
equipment.
77
2 Types Of
Equipment Deterioration
78
Photo Of
A Bar Leaning
On A Machine
79
Latent Defects
Are . . . .
Hidden causes of problems
Seeds
80
2 Types Of Latent Defects
Physical: Not Visible
Need To Disassemble
Hidden Behind
Covered By Dust, Stains, Etc.
81
2 Types Of Failures
82
Concept Of Zero Failure
Equipment
Failure
83
Rules For Zero Failure
Discover latent defects to prevent failures
“Failure” is only
the tip of the
iceberg
FAILURE
LATENT DEFECTS
85
5 Countermeasures For Zero Failures
And 5 TPM Principles
Operator Autonomous
2. Keep Operating Conditions Maintenance
Restore Equipment
3. From A Deteriorated Planned Maintenance
State
86
16 Major Losses
Which Obstruct Production Efficiency
87
16 Major Losses - continued
1. Management Loss
2. Operating Motion Loss
3. Line Organization Loss
4. Logistics Loss
5. Measurement &
Adjustment Loss
88
16 Major Losses - continued
1. Energy Loss
2. Die, Tool, & Fixture Loss
3. Material Loss
89
16 Major Losses - continued
90
16 Major Losses - continued
91
Photo Of
Operator Pushing A Reset
92
16 Major Losses - continued
8 Major Losses Obstructing Equipment Efficiency:
93
How Do We Plan
To Realize
Our Losses
TPM
95
Measurement Details
Downtime:
-- Planned Scheduled
production stoppage
96
Measurement Details
Unplanned Downtime:
97
Measurement Details
Planned Downtime:
98
Measurement Details
Changeover Time:
99
Measurement Details
100
Measurement Details
Clean-up Time:
-- The amount of time required to
perform daily clean-up of the
equipment and surrounding area
101
Measurement Details
# Of Equipment Failures:
102
Measurement Details
Minor Stoppages:
103
Measurement Details
Maintenance Costs:
-- Associated costs for maintaining the
equipment on a line. These costs
include all replacement parts cost and
the labor required to replace the parts.
Also included in these costs are the
cleaning supplies to maintain the
equipment
104
Measurement Details
Accidents:
Number of accidents on a
--
cell . . . . . . lost time and not
lost time
105
Measurement Details
Defect Rate:
106
TPM TRAINING
Loss
Elimination
Planned Operator
Maintenance Autonomous
System Maintenance
Six
Supporting
Strategies
To TPM
Initial Education
Control And
System Training
Zero
Defects
107
108
What Is
Operator Autonomous Maintenance?
109
What Is The Goal Of Operator
Autonomous Maintenance?
Keeping one's own
equipment in good
condition by oneself.
110
TPM Roles Of
Operators Maintenance
Management
111
Activities Performed By The Operators
Prevent Deterioration
Measure Deterioration
Repair Deterioration
112
Photo Of
Repairing Problem
113
Photo Of
Repairing Problem
114
Activities Of The Maintenance Group
Measure Deterioration
Repair Deterioration
Provide Guidance To Operators
115
Maintenance Group Support To Operators
In Steps 1 Thru 3
1. Training & Guidance In Equipment Structures &
Functions
2. Guidance On Lubrication Items
3. Assistance In Locating Sources Of
Contamination.
4. Improvement To Hard-To-Access Areas
5. Quick Response To Operator Requests
116
PRELIMINARY STEP 0
117
118
119
Machine / Lock Photo
120
VIDEO
LOCK OUT
TAG OUT
121
STEP 1: Initial Clean-Up
Cleaning Is Inspection:
– Take pictures to show “Before Conditions”
– Safety first
– Thoroughly clean dirt accumulated over years
– Open covers and guards to clean inside
– Also clean the environment around the
equipment
– Cleaning becomes a normal part of the
operator responsibility
Using TPM Problem Tags:
122
“Before” Photo Of Sizer
123
“Before” Photo Of Sizer
124
125
“After” Photo Of Sizer
126
127
Photo Of Cleaning
128
129
Photo Of Cleaning
130
STEP 1: Initial Clean-Up - continued
TPM
Cleaning is Inspection:
Using TPM Problem Tags:
– Tags to be filled out by all operators
– Attach tags to problem location
– Each problem requires its own tag
– BLUE TAG -- Operator responsible
to repair
– RED TAG -- Maintenance group
responsible for
– repairs
131
TPM
Autonomous Maintenance TPM
Autonomous Maintenance
Step. No. 12 3 4 5 Step. No. 12 3 4 5
Problem Found Here Problem Found Here
Equipment: Equipment:
Asset
: No.: Asset
: No.:
Date Found: Date Found:
Found By: Found By:
Description of Problem: Description of Problem:
Date
Repaired:
Repair
Made By:
Description of Repair:
Page 3
132
133
134
135
136
Tag History
Upon completion of the repair, log or file tags for
future reference. Keep the information at the cell.
Red tag history highlights:
Recurring problems
Repair history
Maintenance response
Blue tag history highlights:
Operator repairs and minor stoppages
Recurring problems that need to be red tagged
137
Photo Of Problem
138
Photo Of Problem
139
LUNCH !!!
FOOD!!!!!!
140
Floor Exercise 1
Initial Clean-up
– 1. Participants will go to the designated cell
– 2. Facilitators will assign participants to a
specific piece of equipment or area
– 3. Using the proper cleaning material and
TPM tags the participants will clean the
equipment and tag all problems.
141
Floor Exercise 1 - continued
143
Countermeasures For Hard-To-
Access & Source of Contamination
144
Countermeasures For Hard-To-
Access & Source of
Contamination - continued
Eliminate Sources That Make The Equipment
Dirty.
– 1. Repair or tag leaks
– 2. Create ways to remove slag, shavings etc.
– 3. Use filters where necessary
– 4. Check for exhaust fan possibilities
– 5. If the source can not be eliminated, contain the
– source until it can be eliminated
Note: Always use approved and permanent
countermeasures.
145
Source of Contamination “Before”
146
Source of Contamination
“After”
147
Tree City Welder
Before Improvement
148
Tree City Welder
After Improvement
149
Steps In Preparing A Temporary Guard
Observe Line
Suggest As
Standardization And
Future Design Information
150
Temporary Guard Photo
151
Hard-To-Access & Source Of Contamination Areas
Equipment Asset Page
No.:____________________
Name:____________________ No.:____________________
152
Floor Exercise 2
Participants will be given the Hard to
Access & Source of Contamination
documents to fill out at the cell.
153
Step 3
154
Prepare Temporary Standards
155
Prepare Temporary Standards - continued
156
Prepare Temporary Standards - continued
157
Temporary Standard Check Sheet (Inspection, Cleaning, Lubrication)
Sketch Line Machine Effective Period Team Leader Supervisor Unit Manager
Year
Month
What To Do & How Target
Zone No. Description I.C.L. Items Used Often Who Time
A B C D E F G H I
158
Sample Of
159
Sample Of
160
Floor Exercise 3
161
Implementation
&
Review
162
TPM Requirement
C
H
A A
M
M P
P I
O
S N
S
AMPS Review
163
“Our old, ineffective, hierarchical model
will need to be replaced by the new
empowerment model of putting critical
thinking and decision-making skills into
the hands of a fully educated work force”.
164
Program Outline
Management Will Receive The Initial
Training Of Each Class
Upon completing AMPS, The Work Team
Will Begin TPM
Unit Management Will Assist In The Training
Review of Each Step Upon Completion
Support Classes on Machine Elements will
be Taught to Operators. TPM Outline
165
Key Points For Success In Implementation
166
Key Points For Success In Implementation
(Continued)
Transmission Of Education
One Point Lesson Sheet
Standardization
Activities Board:
Timing Chart One Point Lessons
# Of Equipment Failures Defect Rate
# Of Minor Stoppages Current Step In Progress
Changeover Time Problem Tag Data
"Before" & "After" Pictures Downtime Data
Clean-up Time Equipment Check Time
Maintenance Costs Accidents
167
Key Points For Success In Implementation
(Continued)
Quick Repair
TPM Meetings
Step System
Step Review
Promote Success Stories
168
7 Step Development For
Operator Autonomous Maintenance
Step 1: Initial Clean-Up
Stage 1
Step 2: Countermeasures For Hard- Upgrading The Basic
To-Access & Source Of
Contamination Conditions Of The Equipment
Stage 2
Step 4: General Inspection Steps To Measure &
Prevent Deterioration
Step 5: Autonomous Inspection
Stage 3
Step 6: Standardization Steps To Expand OAM &
Step 7: All-Out Autonomous Master The Maintenance Skills
Management
169
7 Step Development For
Operator Autonomous Maintenance
Step 1: Initial Clean-Up Stage 1
Step 2: Countermeasures For Hard- Upgrading The Basic
To-Access & Source Of Conditions Of The
Contamination Equipment
Step 3: Prepare Temporary Standards
Stage 2
Step 4: General Inspection Steps To Measure &
Step 5: Autonomous Inspection Prevent Deterioration
Stage 3
Step 6: Standardization Steps To Expand OAM &
Step 7: All-Out Autonomous Master The Maintenance
Management Skills
170
TPM Training Outline
Class # 1 : Program Overview At Work Team
Meetings
3
172
Autonomous Maintenance Review
173
Operator Autonomous Maintenance
7 Steps
T P M
Aut. Mgt.
7
Standardization
6
Autonomous Inspection
5
General Inspection 4
Prepare Temporary Standards 3
Countermeasures for Hard-To-Access & Source Of
Contamination 2
Initial Clean-up
1
174
TPM STRATEGIES
Loss
Elimination
Planned Operator
Maintenance Autonomous
System Maintenance
Six
Supporting
Strategies
To TPM
Initial Education
Control And
System Training
Zero
Defects
175