Basic Drafting

Tools,Equipment And
Materials: Use and Care
Reported by:Leory Javien
Chardean Gel Baclaan
Foilan Gaudicos
Various drawing instruments and their correct
methods of use for instrumental drawing are
illustrated and explained in this lesson.
The correct use of these instruments is necessary
for efficient and concise drafting. You should make
it habit to use this precision instruments correctly.
With the proper use of these tools, an accurate
representation of shape, relationship, and size can
be accomplish.
The instruments discussed in this lesson include
most of the basic drafting tools and are efficient for
the initial phases of technical drawing course.
The list of drawing instruments include this:
● 450mm x 600mm drawing board
●600mm T-square
●Parallel Rule
●45-45-90-degree and 30-60-90-degree triangles
●Adjustable Triangle
●Protactor ●Dusting Brush
●Metric Scale ●French curve and Flexi curve
●Compass ●Templates
●Divider ●Drafting machine
●Pencil
●Technical Pen
●Eraser
●Eraser Shield
●Cutter
●Sharpener
●Pencil Pointer or Sand Paper
 Drawing Board
A drawing board provides a
straight working edge
necessary
For constructing horizontal
and vertical lines. It is
traditionally made of well
seasoned wood but is now
also made of masonite and
hard plastic.
Drawing boards vary in size
from 225mm x 300mm to
1200mm x 1800mm and
larger the recommended size
for students is 450mm x
[Link] drawing sheet
can be fixed to drawing
board using a drafting tape.
 T-Square
The T-Square is used to
construct horizontal lines. It also
serves as a base of triangles
When drawing vertical lines. The
T-Square has two parts called
the blade and the head.
The working edge of the head
must not convex or the T-Square
will rock when the head is placed
againts the board. Its accuracy is
dependent on the straightness
Parallel Rule
The Parallel rule Replace
the T-square. It moves
up and down the
drawing surface by
means of pulleys and a
guide rope. The Guide
rope or wire Keeps it in
a parallel position. Its
advantage is that it can
be moved with one hand
without losing its
parallel position.
Triangles
Triangle with 30-60-90-
degree and 45-45-90-
degree angles are used for
drawing vertical lines with
the T-Square or parallel rule
as the horizontal
Support.15,30,45,60,and
75-degree lines to the
horizontal are constructed
by using one or both of the
triangles.
Triangles are made of
Transparent Plastic So that
Lines of the drawing can be
seen through them.
Adjustable triangle

Adjustable triangle are

used to draw angles
other than usual 15
degree increments. The
proper angles can be
set and other lines can
be drawn parallel to
the set angle. Most
adjustable triangles are
graduated in half
degrees . The movable
portion of triangle is
held in position by a
screw.
Protactor
A Protactor is used
to measure and
draw angles not
divisible by 15
degrees when
neither the 30-60-
90-degree nor the
45-45-90-degree
triangle can be
used
Metric Scale

A scale is used to
produce the
dimension s of an
object in a
full,reduced or
enlarged size on
[Link] scaling
measurements,a
drafter should always
think and speak of
each dimension as a
full [Link] scale is
often constructed with
multiple scales
indicated on an edge.
Compass
A compass is used
for drawing circles
and arcs.
Divider

A divider is a type
of compass with
needle points on
both ends and is
used for laying off
points or
transferring
[Link] is
also used for
dividing lines into
any number of
equal part.
Pencil
Graphite lead pencils are the
basic instruments used in
mechanical drawing and come in
varying degrees of hardness
.drawing pencils are graded in
numbers and letters from 6B,
very soft and black to 5B ,4B,
3B, 2B, and HB to F, the
medium grade ;then H, 2H, 3H,
4H, 5H, 6H, 7H and 8H to 9H
the hardest . The soft (B) grades
are used primarily for sketching
and rendering and the hard (H)
grades for instrument drawings.
Pencil should always be kept
sharp to acquire proficiency and
accuracy.
Technical Pen
Technical pens are
precision inking tools
that come with points of
varying thickness from
0.10mm to 2.0 mm
depending on the line
required. these pen
having ink cartridges
and, unlike ruling pens,
can be used for a long
time before refilling.
Eraser
There are various kinds of
erasers used in drafting.
a hard rubber eraser-used
to remove dark heavy
lines.
A soft rubber eraser-used
to remove light lines to
clean smudges.
The Vinyl eraser- is used
to remove plastic lead
lines from the polyester
drawing film.
Special ink eraser-are also
available for removing ink
lines on paper and drafting
films.
Erasing shield
An erasing shield is
made of thin flat
metal or plastic with
cut-outs of various
sizes and [Link]
restricts the erasing
[Link] use this ,
place the shield over
the line to be erased
and erase through
the shield.
Cutter, Sharpener,
sandpaper
A cutter, sharpener
,and sandpaper are
various tools for
creating sharp conical
pencils point.
Dusting Brush
A dusting brush is
used to remove loose
dirt particles that
collect on the
drawing. removing
the dirt with your
hands may create
smudges on the
drawing paper.
French curve and
flexi-curve
A french curve is made of
clear plastic and is used
for drawing a non circular
curve. points showing the
direction of the curved are
penciled in.
A flexi-curve is another
tool used for drawing
irregular [Link] is made
of rubber or plastic outer
shell with a flexible metal
inner spine. penciled in
and the flexi-curve shifted
to suit the curve to be
drawn
Templates
Templates are used for
drafting symbols or
repetitive figures. they
greatly facilitate drawing
speed and precision most
template are made of
clear plastic and come in a
variety of symbols for
specialized drawing need
such as curves, hexagon,
bolt heads and nuts ,
circle thread forms,
chemical apparatus,
electrical symbol, etc.
Drafting machine
The drafting machine is
a combination of
several drafting tools in
a single contraption. It
has replaced the
straight edge, triangles,
scales and protactor.
Its main advantage is
that it cuts down on
drawing time. The
drafter has all his or her
basic tools at hand in
one machine.