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Period 3 Oxides: Properties and Reactions

This document discusses period 3 oxides and their reactions with water or acids. It provides data on the enthalpy differences and bond types of various oxides like Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P4O10, SO3, and Cl2O7. Oxides become more acidic moving right across the period. Metal oxides are basic and react with water to form hydroxides, while non-metal oxides are acidic and react to form acids. The document also lists equations for the reactions of these oxides.

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238 views10 pages

Period 3 Oxides: Properties and Reactions

This document discusses period 3 oxides and their reactions with water or acids. It provides data on the enthalpy differences and bond types of various oxides like Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P4O10, SO3, and Cl2O7. Oxides become more acidic moving right across the period. Metal oxides are basic and react with water to form hydroxides, while non-metal oxides are acidic and react to form acids. The document also lists equations for the reactions of these oxides.

Uploaded by

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IB CHEMISTRY

Topic 3 - period 3 oxides


3.2 Periodic trends
OBJECTIVES

Construction of equations to explain the pH


changes for reactions of Na2O, MgO, P4O10, and the
oxides of nitrogen and sulfur with water.
Oxides of Period 3 elements
• What are they?
Na2O
MgO
Al2O3
P4O10 or P2O5
SOx
(NOx)

Etc…
Calculate the EN difference for the oxides

• Data Booklet…

1 2 13 14 15 16 17
Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P2O5 SO3 Cl2O7

∆EN 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.0 0.4 0.2

Cov. Cov Cov Cov


Bond Ionic Ionic Intermdt
(netwrk) (mlc) (mlc) (mlc)
SiO2, giant covalent network
  Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 P4O10 (or P4O6) SO3 (or Cl2O7
SO2)

Adding Na2O + MgO + H2O Insoluble Insoluble P4O10 + 6H2O SO3 + H2O Cl2O7 + H2O HClO4
H2O H2O Mg(OH)2 4H3PO4 H2SO4
2NaOH

Adding Na2O + MgO + 2H+ Al2O3 + 6H+  No reaction No reaction No reaction No reaction
HCl H+ 2Na+ Mg2+ + H2O 2Al3+ + 3H2O
+ H2O

Add No No reaction Al2O3 + 2OH- + SiO2 + 2OH- SiO32- + P4O10 + 12OH- SO3 + OH- Cl2O7 + OH- 2ClO4- +
NaOH reaction 3H2O 2Al(OH)4 H2O 4PO43- + 6H2O SO42- + H2O H2O

Nature Basic Basic Oxide Amphoteric Oxide Acidic Oxide Acidic Oxide Acidic Oxide Acidic Oxide
Oxide

Conduc Good Good Good None None None None


tivity

mp / ºC 1275 2852 2027 1610 24 17 -92


Oxide reactions and pH
• The oxides of elements have increasing acidity across a
period (Al is amphoteric being both acidic and basic).
• Metal oxides are basic, non-metal oxides are acidic.
Na2O(s) + H2O(l)  2NaOH(aq)
MgO(s) + H2O(l)  Mg(OH)2(aq)
P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l)  4H3PO4(aq)
Increasing
SO2(g) + H2O(l)  H2SO3(aq) acidity across
a period
SO3(l) + H2O(l)  H2SO4(aq)
NOx + H2O(l)  HNO3(aq)

(All these equations must be learnt.)

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