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Square and Triangular Wave Generators

This document discusses the generation of square, triangular, and sawtooth waves using analog circuits. It describes how a square wave can be generated by using positive feedback from the output of an operational amplifier to alternately charge and discharge a capacitor. A triangular wave can then be produced by sending the square wave through an integrator circuit consisting of a capacitor and resistor. Stabilizing conditions are discussed to produce a clean triangular wave. Finally, a sawtooth wave generator is briefly mentioned.

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Kiranpreet Singh
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619 views16 pages

Square and Triangular Wave Generators

This document discusses the generation of square, triangular, and sawtooth waves using analog circuits. It describes how a square wave can be generated by using positive feedback from the output of an operational amplifier to alternately charge and discharge a capacitor. A triangular wave can then be produced by sending the square wave through an integrator circuit consisting of a capacitor and resistor. Stabilizing conditions are discussed to produce a clean triangular wave. Finally, a sawtooth wave generator is briefly mentioned.

Uploaded by

Kiranpreet Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

University Institute of Engineering


Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ANALOG CIRCUITS

Presented By:
Rajpreet Singh
Square Wave Generator
Square Wave Generator
Square Wave Generator
Square Wave Generator
SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR:-
•  

If R2 is equal to 1.16 R1
Then
F0=1/2RC
Square Wave Generator
• Assume that the output voltage is +Vsat. The capacitor will charge
exponentially toward +Vsat. The feedback voltage is +βVsat.
• When capacitor voltage exceeds +βVsat the output switches from
+Vsat to -Vsat. The feedback voltage becomes -Vsat and the output will
remain –Vsat.
• Now the capacitor charges in the reverse direction. When capacitor
voltage decreases below -Vsat (more negative than –βVsat ) the output
again switches to +Vsat.
• This process continues and it produces a square wave. Under steady
state conditions, the output voltage and capacitor voltage are shown
in fig.
Triangular Wave Generator
Basically, triangular wave is generated by alternatively charging and discharging a
capacitor with a constant current. This is achieved by connecting integrator circuit at the
output of square wave generator.
Assume that V’ is high at +Vsat. This forces a constant current (+Vsat/R3) through C
(left to right) to drive Vo negative linearly. When V’ is low at —Vsat, it forces a
constant current (— Vsat /R3) through C (right to left) to drive Vo positive, linearly.
The frequency of the triangular wave is same as that of square wave.
Triangular Wave Generator

For Stable Triangular Wave

1. 5R3C2 > T/2


2. Capacitor C2 must be
shunted by resistance
R4=10R3
3. Also, the maximum
supported frequency is
limited by Slew rate of OP-
AMP
Triangular Wave Generator with fewer components
Triangular Wave Generator with fewer components
Triangular Wave Generator with fewer components
Triangular Wave Generator with fewer components
Saw tooth Wave Generator
References

• Halkias Millman , “Integrated Electronics” ,Tata McGraw


Hill
• A. Gayakwad Ramakant, “Op- amps and linear integrated
circuits” Prentice Hall of India, 2009 reprint
• Sedra, Smith, “Microelectronic circuits”, Oxford, 3rd ed.
• Paul Horwitz, Winfield hill, “The Art of Electronics”
Cambridge University Press, 2nd ed.
• David A. Bell, “Operational Amplifiers and Linear ICs,” 3/e,
Oxford Publications, 2011.

UIE, ECE Deptt.


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