Ambo University

Hachalu Hundessa Campus IOT

Department of Information Technology

Advanced Computer Networking

Prepared by: Mikeyas Meseret

ID: PGR/47308/13
Network infrastructure using Hubs, Switches, Bridges and
Routers(Based on work load & Band Width)

Outline
 Introduction to Network infrastructure
 Understanding the existing network
 Elements of Network infrastructure
 Planning the Network Infrastructure Layout
 Band Width and work load for the
infrastructure
 Introduction to Network infrastructure

 It is a term that used to describe hardware

equipment and software applications, used to
help individuals and businesses leverage
certain technology.  
 It is a vital component of modern business
operations.
 It ensures businesses to have effective
connectivity, communication and management
between users, equipment, and external
networks.
 Introduction cont’d…
 It is very likely your business uses some degree
of telecoms technology for e.g. computers,
headsets, smart phone’s, and the internet. 
 Those devices requires sufficient cabling,
switches, routers etc., to ensure this technology
is connected and linked both internally and
externally.
 It connects devices together, either through
wired or wireless.
 Why we need to use network
infrastructure?
 Unreliable network can severely affect
business operations
 To run a business smoothly requires a robust
and secure network infrastructure
 It may suffer from a poor user experience
that impacts employees
 security issues that can affect employee
productivity
 It increase costs or even damage your brand
 Benefits of Network Infrastructure
 A secure network infrastructure minimizes downtime
and ensures that productivity.
 A solid network infrastructure supports the growth of
your business without having to redesign your
network.
 The costs of running your network will be consistent.
 Managed network services provide enhanced security
and protection from spam, malware and viruses.
 Network infrastructure enables your employees to be
connected to your network, no matter their location.
 Understanding the existing network
 You need to understand the existing network
infrastructure 
 To determine how well it can meet the needs of
your arrangement goals
 You should build up a complete map of the existing
network by covering these areas:
 Physical communication such as cable
Communication links such as analog, VPN, ISDN,
and available bandwidth
 Server information such as host name, Ip Address,
DNS
 Existing Network cont’d …
 Locations of devices on your network, including:
• Hubs
• Switches
• Modem
• Routers and Bridges
 Number of users at each site, including mobile
users
The existing network will help you to determine your
goal and what change are required so that you can
successfully deliver the deployment.
 Elements of Network infrastructure
I have listed out a few of the main elements of a
network infrastructure below.
 Cabling
 Cabling lies at the heart of network
infrastructures and helps provide a channel to
pass data, voice and communication
through. 
 The type of cable selected for a network
depends on the network’s size, topology, and
procedure.
 The type of network cables are Coaxial
 Elements of Net's Infrastructure Cont’d…
 Routers
 A router is a  networking device that forwards data
packets between computer networks. 
 It perform the traffic directing functions on the internet.
A packet is typically forwarded from one router to
another router through the networks that constitute an
internetwork (e.g. the Internet) until it reaches its
destination node.
 A router has two types of network element components
organized onto separate processing planes
• Control plane and forwarding plane
 Elements of Net's Infrastructure Cont’d…
 Switches and Hubs
 A network switch is a computer networking device
that connects various devices together on a single
computer network.
 It may also be used to route information in the form
of electronic data sent over networks.
 A Hub allows you to connect multiple PCs to a single
network, whereas a Switch connects various devices
together on a single computer network
 A Hub operates on the physical layer, whereas Switch
operates on the data link layer.
 Hub uses Half-duplex cable on the other hand Switch
uses Full duplex cables
 Elements of Net's Infrastructure Cont’d…
 Bridge
 It creates a single, aggregate network from multiple
communication networks  or network segments.
 Bridging connects two separate networks as if they
were a single network.
  Bridging is performed in the data link layer.
 The main types of network bridging technologies
are simple bridging, multiport bridging, and learning
or transparent bridging.
 Elements of Net's Infrastructure Cont’d…
 Firewalls and Security
 A firewall is a network security device that monitors
incoming and outgoing network traffic and decides
whether to allow or block specific traffic based on a
defined set of security rules..
 Firewalls and other security measures help ensure a
network is safe and secure.
 Monitoring the network and having a clear process
for potential issues and problems is a determining
factor in how businesses can scale confidently.
 Elements of Net's Infrastructure Cont’d…
 Computers, Servers and other Devices
 Computers and servers are likely to play a key role
in a modern-day business.
 It is valuable stating this type of hardware as often
the best network infrastructure can be compromised
by outdated devices such as computers or phones.
 A server is a computer that provides data to other
computers. 
 A server is a piece of computer hardware or
software that provides functionality for other
programs or devices.
 Elements of Net's Infrastructure Cont’d…
 Operating Systems and Network Software
 The network will also rely on operating systems and
dedicated software to ensure the hardware and connected
devices live up to their potential.
 There are different types of software and applications
available.
 A network operating system is a computer operating
system that is designed primarily to support workstations,
personal computers and, in some instances, older
terminals that are connected on a local area network.
 E.g. of network operating systems: Microsoft Windows
Server 2008, UNIX, Linux, Mac OS X …
 Planning the Network Infrastructure Layout

In deriving your infrastructure topology, you need to

consider the following perspectives:
 Intranet
 An intranet is a private network contained within an
enterprise that is used to securely share company
information and computing resources among
employees.
 An intranet can also be used to facilitate working in
groups and teleconferences.
 Security can also be increased within the intranet by
establishing a database that maintains all of the
usernames of people who are allowed access to the
network.
 Intranet cont’d …
 Benefits and challenges of the intranet
Some potential benefits of using an intranet include:
 Improved communication, information sharing
 An increased return on investment 
 An improved corporate culture within a business
Some challenges faced when using an intranet include:
 A lack of intranet users and therefore a lack of the content,
communications
 A loss of interest amongst users after the initial excitement
 Limited user support due to the high cost of adding a
support team
 Continuous examinations and maintenance checks
 Internal Network (planning)
 The segments that remain make up your internal
network segments.
 These segments house users’ machines or
departmental workstations. 
 These machines request information from hosts
residing on the intranet.
 Using a firewall between each internal network segment to
filter traffic to provide additional security between
departments.
 Identify the type of internal network traffic and services
used on each of these segments to determine if an internal
firewall would be beneficial.
 Proxies (planning)

 A proxy server acts as a gateway between you and the

internet.
 It’s an intermediary server separating end users from the
websites they browse.
 Proxy servers provide varying levels of functionality,
security, and privacy depending on your use case, needs, or
company policy.
 A proxy server is basically a computer on the internet with
its own IP address that your computer knows.
 When you send a web request, your request goes to the
proxy server first and collects the response from the web
server, and forwards you the web page data so you can see
the page in your browser.
 Why Should You Use a Proxy Server?
 There are several reasons organizations and
individuals use a proxy server.
 To control internet usage of employees
 Bandwidth savings and improved speeds
 Privacy benefits
 Improved security
 Get access to blocked resources
 Band Width and work load for the infrastructure
 Bandwidth refers to a network’s capacity to transfer data
between devices or the internet within a particular span of
time.
 A network with greater bandwidth also allows more
devices to connect at once.
 Bandwidth capacity is typically determined by the
connection type. 
 bandwidth is in contrast to the field of signal processing,
wireless communications, modem data transmission,
digital communications, and electronics.
Internet connection bandwidth
• These are examples of physical layer net bit rates in
proposed communication standard interfaces and devices:
 Work Load
• According to Digital Realty, workload migration simply
means that you’re moving data, assets, software, etc.,
from one location to another.
• Digital Realty points out that not all workloads may be
good candidates for a move, but the best include: 
 Storage, backup and archiving data 
 Workloads or applications that are loosely coupled
 Multi-tiered applications
 Applications that have been architected to scale
 Workloads that have variable utilization
 The End!

Thank you for your Attention!