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Chemical Kinetics Report

Chemical kinetics refers to the study of reaction rates. The rate of a reaction is measured by changes in concentration of reactants or products over time. Factors that affect reaction rates include concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of catalysts, and surface area of reactants or catalysts. Higher concentrations, temperatures, and surface areas generally increase reaction rates by allowing for more collisions between reactant particles. Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.

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62 views15 pages

Chemical Kinetics Report

Chemical kinetics refers to the study of reaction rates. The rate of a reaction is measured by changes in concentration of reactants or products over time. Factors that affect reaction rates include concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of catalysts, and surface area of reactants or catalysts. Higher concentrations, temperatures, and surface areas generally increase reaction rates by allowing for more collisions between reactant particles. Catalysts increase reaction rates by lowering the activation energy needed for reactions to occur.

Uploaded by

katherine corvera
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHEMICAL KINETICS

•CHEMICAL KINETICS- refers to the study of the rate by which a reaction occurs.

•The rate of reaction is the speed at which a reaction occurs and measured as the
change in concentration of either reactants or products over time.
The rate of
disappearance of A

The rate of
formation of B
For the reaction A B, the rate is

Rate of Reaction Change in concentration of A

Used to indicate a change or Change in concentration of B


difference

Used to denote concentration


FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF
CHEMICAL REACTION
Concentration of reactants

● As concentration of reactants increases, the rate of reaction generally


increases. A high concentration of reactants increases collisions per unit time
leading to an increase in reaction rate ( except for zero order reactions).
Temperature

● Temperature is a measure of the kinetic energy of a system thus an increase


in temperature makes the molecules more energetic thereby increasing
collisions per unit resulting to an increase in the reaction rate.

● Activation energy- the minimum energy needed for reaction.


Presence of catalysts

● A catalyst increases the rate of reaction although the catalysts itself is not
affected during the reaction. It increases the rate by helping break chemical
bonds in reactant molecules and lowers the activation energy of a chemical
reaction by providing a different pathway for the reaction.

Example:

a. Iron acts as a catalyst in the combination of nitrogen and hydrogen to form


ammonia
b. Enzymes (biological catalysts) in yeast convert sugar into alcohol
Surface area of the reactants or catalyst

● The greater the surface area of the reactants or catalyst the faster the rate
of the reaction. Smaller pieces of the same mass of solid have a greater
surface area compared to larger pieces of the solid. This causes a rate
increase because the reactant particle will have more chance to hit the solid
surface and react.

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