Optimization Techniques for
Power System Problems
Reporter: Ahsan Saleem ( 白杨 )
2021/06/18
School of Electronic Science & Engineering
Why do we need optimization in Power
System?
Fuel Cost
Improved operational reliability
System security
Increase of load demand
Fossil fuel demand of thermal power plants
Rising emissions into the environment.
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Optimization Aim & Focus
To minimize the cost of power generation in
regulated power systems.
To maximize social welfare in deregulated power
systems, while satisfying various operating
constraints.
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To Solve Power System Optimization
Problems
Numerous methods are found
• Conventional
• Artificial intelligence
Above methods are Constantly improved & Developed
• Deal with large size systems
• Interconnected systems
Optimization problems
• Complex due to a large number of constraints.
Hence,
Finding better solutions with shorter computation
times is the goal of these methods.
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Optimization Issues in Power System
Economic Dispatch (ED)
Unit Commitment (UC)
Hydrothermal scheduling
Optimal power flow (OPF)
Optimal Reactive power flow (ORDP)
Voltage Stability
Available Transfer Capability (ATC)
FACTS Devices Placement
Maintenance scheduling
Distributed Generation
Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution Network(RDN)
Phasor measurement unit (PMU) placement and etc..
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Artificial Intelligence As A New Trend
In Optimization Problems
widely used for solving optimization problems.
ADVANTAGE
Deal with complex problems that cannot be
solved by conventional methods.
Easy to apply due to their simple mathematical
structure.
Easy to combine with other methods to hybrid
systems adding the strengths of each single
method.
Methods generally simulate natural phenomena
or the social behavior of humans or animals.
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Artificial Neural Network
It is Mathematical models by simulating the human biological
neural network for processing information.
A Neural Network consists of some layers of Artificial Neurons
linked by weight connections.
Various Neural Networks by their structure such as
• Feed Forward,
• Back Propagation,
• Radial Basis Function,
• Recurrent Networks, etc.
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Artificial Neural Network
Each type has some specific work after being trained.
It is infer a function from observations which is particularly useful for
applications with the complex tasks faced in real life like function.
• Approximation
• Classification
• Data Processing, etc.
Its primary advantage are capability to learn algorithms
• Online adaption of dynamic systems,
• Quick parallel computation
• Intelligent Interpolation of data.
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Artificial Neural Network Optimization
the objective function is mean square error function (loss/cost function).
We have to find optimize values weights of neural network to minimize
the objective function.
Gradient based search techniques such as backpropagation are currently
the most widely used optimization techniques for training neural
networks
Global search techniques have been identified as a potential solution to
this problem. Two well-known global search techniques, Simulated
Annealing and the Genetic Algorithm can be used as well.
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Back Propagation
Backpropagation, an abbreviation for "backward propagation of errors",
is a common method of training artificial neural networks used in
conjunction with an optimization method such as gradient descent.
The method calculates the gradient of a loss function with respect to all
the weights in the network.
The gradient is fed to the optimization method which in turn uses it to
update the weights, in an attempt to minimize the loss function.
Backpropagation requires a known, desired output for each input value
in order to calculate the loss function gradient. It is therefore usually
considered to be a supervised learning method.
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Genetic Algorithm
It is Search technique used to find the exact or approximately best
solution for optimization problems.
The genetic algorithm belongs to evolutionary computation using the
techniques inspired by evolutionary biology such as
• Inheritance
• Mutation
• Selection
• Crossover
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Genetic Algorithm
The genetic algorithm was developed part by part from the 1950s onward and is
one of the most popular methods applied to various optimization problems in
• Bioinformatics
• Computer science
• Engineering
• Economics
• Chemistry
• Manufacturing,
• Mathematics,
• Physics and etc..
This method can take long computational times to get the optimal solution.
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