Lecture No-02
Course PCB Manufacturing IE-236
&
Electronic simulation and PCB
Manufacturing (Repeaters only)
Course Incharge: Engr: Ghulam Mustafa Rind
Manufacturing of Basic Printed Circuit Board
• What is PCB?
• PCB is the abbreviation of printed circuit board.
• The board provides mechanical support and connects the Electronic
components which are mounted on the PCB.
• The board is a combination of different layers and each layer is made
up of different material.
The Parts of a PCB?
• Substrate:
The first and most important part of PCB is the substrate, normally made of fiber glass.
• Fiber glass is utilized in light of the fact that it gives center solidarity to the PCB and helps oppose breakage.
• Copper Layer:
• Depending on the board type, this layer can be cover in copper covering all area of board.
Solder Mask
• The third part of the PCB is the Solder Mask, which is a layer of polymer that ensures that the
copper do not conduct on contact with the surrounding.
• It behaves like the skin which protects it from conducting and other materials.
• Silkscreen
• The last piece of the circuit board is the silkscreen.
• The silkscreen is more often than not on the segment side of the board used to demonstrate part
numbers, logos, images switch settings, segment reference and test focuses.
View of PCB Board
Single sided PCB:
Single sided PCB is a type of PCB in which there is only one side of the
copper available for conduction and the other side is used to insert the
components.
The side which contains the tracks is called the solder side and the
other side is called component side.
It is a thin board on which copper is laminated on the insulating layer.
Solder mask is applied on the conductive layer to prevent it from
damage.
Types of PCB: Single sided PCB:
3D View option in Proteus software
3D View top Bottom View
Single sided PCB Schematic diagram
AST,ASB Routing and 3D View circuit of single sided board
Component Placement PCB board.
Minimize critical conductor lengths & overall conductor length.
• Component grouping according to connectivity
• Same direction & orientation for similar components.
• Space around heat sinks components.
• Packing density Uniform • Accessibility for • adjustments
• component replacement test points
• Separation of heat sensitive and heat producing components
• Mechanical fixing of heavy components
Ground & Supply Lines
• Separate GND & VCC lines for analog & digital circuits.
• Independent ground for reference voltage circuits.
• Connect different ground conductors at most stable reference point.
• Supply lines with sufficient width and high capacitive
coupling to GND (use decoupling capacitors).
• Supply line should first connect to high current drain blocks.
• Supply line independent for voltage references.
GENERAL RULES FOR DESIGN OF ANALOG PCB:
o Keep the signal path as short line as possible.
o Provide separate line analog and digital grounds.
o Provide one connection from the system ground to the actual earth ground.
o Metal should not be left electrically floating PCB Board.
o Limit bandwidth of the system to the required signal bandwidth.
o Keep loop areas small and always think as to where the current will flow.
o Magnetic shields must be made of highly permeable material to be effective.
Analog Circuit convert in Layout
BASE MATERIAL THICKNESS
Power electronic devices is which usually needs suitable heat sinks.
If the heat sink is not directly mount on PCB, the whole board will be heated up to the same
temperature.
The most used laminate has a thickness of 1.6mm; however, 2.4mm and 3.2mm will thicknesses.
The mechanical Items are requirements for mounting of heavier components such as pulse
transformers, heat sinks, chokes etc.
Current & Temperature table
10 c 20 c 40 c
0.5 0.15mm 0.1mm 0.06mm
1.0 0.40mm 0.25mm 0.15mm
2.0 0.80mm 0.50mm 0.30mm
5.0 3.25mm 1.75mm 1.00mm
10.0 8.00mm 4.70mm 3.00mm
COPPER FOIL THICKNESS in PCB
A copper clad laminate with a 35µm standard thickness is preferable for low power
circuits.
For high power circuits, normally a copper clad laminate with a 70µm thick copper
foil is commonly used.
For special cases, even 105µm thickness of copper foil may be required.
Connection line & padstics
Rule the Connection of PCB
Available Space And Low Distance Path
In Artwork, is Acceptable in PCB
Advantages of PCB:
It has reduced the size of the component assembly as well as decreasing the weight.
It has mechanized the component assembly and wiring. short circuited wiring are
minimized.
The location of components on the board is fixed which simplifies the maintenance of the
electronic equipment.
As the wiring and components are fixed therefore it reduces the technical skills and
training.
The probability of errors are eliminated which reduces the inspection time in board.
THE END
