Documentation Styles
Purposes of Citing Sources
To give proper credit to the
original author of a work.
To promote scholarly writing
To help your target audience
identify your original source.
Forms of Citation
In-Text Citation – It requires the
writer to cite the details of the
reference used in a certain part of
his/her essay.
Reference Citation – It refers to the
complete bibliographic entries of all
references used by the writer. This
appears in the reference list found at
the last part of the paper.
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
Follow the author- (latest) year of publication
method. Place the period after the citation when it
is at the end of the sentence.
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
For a work with 1 AUTHOR only.
Examples:
• According to Sipacio (2014), APA style is required for
business student majors.
• Sipacio (2014) suggests that APA style is required for
business student majors.
• APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio,
2014).
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
For a work with 2 AUTHORS, notice the use of “&”
when the citations are inside the parentheses.
Examples:
• According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), APA style is
required for business student majors.
• Sipacio and Barrot (2014) suggests that APA style is
required for business student majors.
• APA style is applied in the social sciences (Sipacio &
Barrot, 2014).
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
For three or more authors, name only the primary
author followed by ‘et al.’ (which means ‘and
authors’)
Examples:
• According to Sipacio et al. (2014), APA style is
appropriate for the field of education.
• Sipacio et al. (2014) suggests that APA style is
appropriate for the field of education.
• APA style is appropriate for the field of education
(Sipacio et al., 2014).
GUIDELINES IN IN-TEXT CITATION
(6TH Edition)
When you use direct quote, you are required to
include page number (s) enclosed in parenthesis.
Examples:
• Sipacio and Barrot (2014) claimed that “beginners
found the APA style guide too complex” (p. 56).
• According to Sipacio and Barrot (2014), “beginners
found the APA style guide too complex” (p. 56).
• “Beginners found the APA style guide too complex”
(Sipacio & Barrot, 2014, p. 56).
Exercise: (COPY AND ANSWER)
1. Name of Author: Durano
Year of Publication: 2019
Detail: Parents’ decision affects students course
preference.
2. Name of Authors: Abundo, Pamisa
Year of Publication: 2011
Detail: Plagiarism is a serious offense in which
someone takes and uses ideas, information,
concepts, and arguments of someone else.
Exercise:
3. Name of Authors: Butanas et al.
Year of Publication: 2018
Detail: Plagiarism is a crime.
4. Name of Author: Mandela
Year of Publication: 2015
Page: 8
Detail: “Education is the most powerful weapon
that we can use to change the world.”
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
Placethe reference list on a new page
separate from the text of your writing;
label this page “References” and align at
the center at the top of the page. Do not
use bold face, underline, or quotation
marks for the title.
Apply hanging indention. This simply means
the lines following the first line in an entry
should be indented from the left margin.
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
All text should be double-spaced just
like the rest of the paper.
Follow this sequence in writing the
name of the author: Last name, First
Name Initial, Middle Initial.
Arrange the references in alphabetical
order based on the last names of the
authors.
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
Do not cut or add the titles.
Capitalize only the first letter of the
first word of a title, the first letter of
the first word of its subtitle after a
colon, and the proper nouns.
Italicize the titles. When the article
title is used, italicize only the journal
title.
Guidelines in Reference Citation
(APA 6th Edition)
For online sources, make sure
to remove the hyperlink of the
URL.
For print sources, place a
period at the end of the entry.
Put “n.d.” (no date) for
sources with no date.
Reference Citation
Books
(Single Author)
Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle
Name Initial. (Year of
Publication). Book Title. Place
of Publication: Name of
Publication.
Books
(Single Author)
Friedman, T. L. (2009). Hot, flat and crowded: Why we
need a green revolution- and how it can
renew America. NY: Picador.
• Author: Friedman, T. L.
• Year of Publication: 2009
• Title of the Book: Hot, flat and crowded: Why we need a
green revolution- and how it can renew America
• Place of Publication: NY
• Name of Publication: Picador
Books
(Single Author)
Madamba, J. S. (2016). Experiencing Science:
An activity-based worktext for Grade 8.
Manila: Innovative Educational Materials.
Chua, R. G. (2016). 21st century literature
from the Philippines and the world. Makati
City: Diwa Learning Systems.
Books
(Two Authors)
Last Name, First Name Initial. Middle
Name Inital., & Last Name, First
Name Initial. Middle Name Initial.
(Year of Publication). Name of the
Book. Place of Publication: Name of
Publication.
Books
(Two Authors)
Dryzek, J. S., & Dunleavy, P. (2009). Theories of the
democratic state. NH: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Name of the Authors: Dryzek, J. S., & Dunleavy, P.
• Year of Publication: 2009
• Name of the Book: Theories of the democratic state
• Place of Publication: NH
• Name of Publication: Palgrave Macmillan
Books
(Two Authors)
Barrot, J. S., & Sipacio, P. J. F. (2016).
Communication today: English for
academic & professional purposes for senior
high school. Quezon City: C & E
Publishing.
Gonzales, C. T., & Yu, P. R. (2017). Essential
English: Worktext in literature and
language. Manila: Rex Book Store.
Books
(3 or more authors)
LastName, First Name Initial. Middle
Name Inital., et al. (Year of
Publication). Name of the
Book. Place of Publication:
Name of Publication.
Books
(Three or More Authors)
Barrot, J. S., et al. (2016). Communication today:
English for academic & professional
purposes for senior high school. Quezon
City: C & E Publishing.
DeVera, E. E., et al. (2017). Essential English:
Worktext in literature and language.
Manila: Rex Book Store.
Julian, A. B., et al. (2017). Pinagyamang
pluma: Ikalawang edisyon. Quezon
City: Phoenix Publishing House.
Sir, 1 whole sir?
Yes, 1 whole.
Unsay answeran sir?
Page 238-239
Practice Exercise B (3, 4, 5, 6)
COPY AND ANSWER
