AD HOC AND WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS – EC8702
Session by
Dr/L.RAJA, ASP/ECE
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Agenda of the session
Adhoc wireless Internet
Issues
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AD HOC WIRELESS INTERNET
It extends services of Internet to end users over an ad hoc wireless network.
Some of applications of ad hoc wireless Internet are
Provisioning of temporary Internet services to major conference venues
wireless mesh networks,
Sports venues,
Temporary military settlements,
Battlefields, and
Broadband Internet services in rural regions.
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Major Issues - Ad hoc Wireless Internet
Gateways
Address Mobility
Routing
Transport Layer Protocol
Load Balancing
Pricing / Billing
Provision of Security
QoS Support
Service , Address and Location Discovery
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Major Issues - Ad hoc Wireless Internet
Gateways
Gateway nodes are entry points to wired Internet.
Major part of service provisioning lies with the gateway nodes.
For owned and operated by a service provider, gateways perform the following tasks:
Keeping track of the end users,
Bandwidth management,
Load balancing,
Traffic shaping,
Packet filtering,
Bandwidth fairness,
Address, service, and location discovery 5
Major Issues - Ad hoc Wireless Internet
Address Mobility
Similar to Mobile IP ad hoc wireless Internet also faces
challenge of address mobility.
This problem is worse here as nodes operate over
multiple wireless hops.
Solutions such as Mobile IP can provide temporary
alternatives for this.
Routing:
Due to dynamic topological changes, presence of gateways,
multi-hop relaying, and hybrid character of network is vital
Possible solution for this - use of a separate routing
protocol, for wireless part of the ad hoc wireless Internet.
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Major Issues - Ad hoc Wireless Internet
Transport layer protocol:
Several factors are to be considered here, major one being state maintenance overhead at the gateway nodes.
Load balancing:
Ad hoc wireless Internet gateways experience heavy traffic.
Gateways can be saturated much earlier than other nodes in the network.
Load balancing techniques are essential to distribute load so as to avoid situation where gateway
nodes become bottleneck nodes.
Pricing/billing:
Internet bandwidth is expensive - need to introduce pricing/billing strategies for ad hoc wireless
Internet.
Gateway is preferred choice for charging traffic to and from Internet.
Complex case – pricing local traffic (traffic within the wireless part, that is, it originated and
terminated within the wireless part without passing through the gateway nodes)
It is necessary to have a dedicated, secure, and lightweight pricing/billing infrastructure installed at
every node.
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Major Issues - Ad hoc Wireless Internet
Provisioning of security
Broadcast nature of wireless medium attracts potential hackers to snoop on important information
sent unprotected over air.
Hence security is a prime concern in the ad hoc wireless Internet.
End users can utilize ad hoc wireless Internet infrastructure to make e-commerce transactions.
It is important to include security mechanisms in ad hoc wireless Internet.
QoS support
Important issue – With widespread use of voice over IP (VoIP) and growing multimedia applications
over Internet.
This is a challenging problem in wired part as well as in wireless part.
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Major Issues - Ad hoc Wireless Internet
Service, address, and location discovery:
Service Discovery - activity of discovering or identifying the party which provides a particular
service or resource.
Service location protocols exist to do the same, and
Systems need to be extended to operate in the ad hoc wireless Internet
Address Discovery - services such as those provided by address resolution protocol (ARP) or
domain name service (DNS) operating within the wireless domain.
Location discovery - refers to different activities such as detecting location of a particular mobile
node in the network
Detecting geographical location of nodes.
Location discovery services can provide enhanced services such as
Routing of packets
Location-based services,
Selective region-wide broadcasts.
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Quiz/Activity/Q&A
What is load balancing?
How address mobility is performed?
What is the solution for routing issues?
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Session Handler Details
Dr.L.Raja
[email protected]
76672410124
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