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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANCAL ENGINEERING

ME8682 DESIGN AND FABRICATION PROJECT
DESIGN AND FRICATION OF SOLAR DRYER FOR FRIUITS AND VEGETABLES

• BATCH MEMBER: • PROJECT GUIDE

BASHRUDEEN.H(420418114007)
BY :
AYYAPPAN. P(420418114006)
KOWSIGAN. A(420418114031) PARTHIBAN
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ABSTRACT

 The world population is more than 6 billion and about 20-25 percent
people does not have enough food to eat
 A solar dryer is an enclosed unit, which is used to dry agricultural
products
 It is also required to keep the food safe from damage, birds, insects and
unexpected rainfall.
 Solar dryers, also known as dehydrators
 The ages to preserve vegetables by removing moisture.
 Solar dryers can be made locally of any size and capacity and solar dryers
are economical if cash crops are dried.

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Introduction

• The idea of using solar energy to produce high temperature dates

back to ancient times.
• The solar radiation has been used by man since the beginning of
time for heating his domicile, for agricultural purposes
• Modern research on the use of solar energy started during the
20th century.
• Developments include the invention of a solar boiler, small
powered steam engines and solar battery, but it is difficult to
market them in competition with engines running on inexpensive
gasoline.
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OBJECTIVE OF SOLAR FRUIT DRYER

• To create 2D and 3D model of solar fruit dryer.

• To design and construct a solar dryer.
• To evaluate the solar dryer’s performance
• To protect the product against flies, pests, rain and dust.
• It is labour saving. The product can be left in the dryer
overnight or during rain.
• To achieve better quality of product in terms of nutrients,
hygiene and colour.

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OPERATION OF SOLAR DRYER

• The dryer is a passive system in the sense that it has no moving

parts. It is energized by the sun’s rays entering through the collector
glazing
• . The greenhouse effect achieved within the collector drives the air
current through the drying chamber
• . Therefore, an air current is maintained, as cooler air at a
temperature Ta enters through
the lower vents and hot air at a temperature T e leaves through the
upper vent.

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IMPORTANCE OF SOLAR DRIED FRUITS
 

• For centuries, people of various nations have been preserving

fruits, other crops, meat and fish by drying
• Drying is also beneficial for hay, copra, tea and other income
producing non-food crops
• With solar energy being available everywhere, the availability
of all these farm produce can be greatly increased.
• It is worth noting that until around the end of the 18th
century when canning was developed, drying was virtually the
only method of food preservation.

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INFORMATION ABOUT FRUITS
MASS
DRYING THICKNESS OF
FLOWRATE OF
NAME DRYING TIME TEMPERATUR E CHIPS
AIR
(°C) (mm)
(Kg/s)
BANANA 4 h 12 min 70-75 0.0252 6
APPLE 3h 30 min 65-70 0.0252 4
CHICKOO 3 h 52 min 70-75 0.0252 5

Clear Scattered Overcast

,blue clouds sky
Sky
Solar 1300- 800- 300-400
irradiance[w/m2] 1400 1000

Diffuse 10-20 20-80 80-100

fraction[%]
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CLASSIFICATION OF SOLAR DRYER

o To classify the various types of solar

dryer, it is necessary to simplify the
complex construction and various
modes of operation to the basic principl
o Solar dryer can classify primarily
according to their heating modes and
the manner in which the solar heat is
utilised
o Classifying into two major groups,
namely:
o Active solar-energy drying system
o
Passive solar-energy drying system
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CONCEPUTAL DRAWING OF SOLAR DRYER
 

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DESING

Inlent temperature
= 35-40°C
Outlet temperature
= 75-80°C
Blower Air flowrate =
75 m3/hr

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2D DIAGRAM

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

3D DIAGRAM

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FABRICATION AND ASSEMBLING

• The solar fruit dryer was constructed making

use of locally available and relatively cheap The construction was made with
materials. simple butt joints using nails as
• The following tools were used in measuring fasteners and glue (adhesive) where
and marking on the wooden out on t planks: necessary.  
• Carpenter’s pencil, Steel tapes (push-pull rule • Collect three wood ply of 18 mm
type) thickness.
• Steel meter rule, Vernier calliper. • Marking out the lines as per the
• Steel square, Scriber cutting requirement.
The following tools were also used during the • Cutting out the already marked out
construction; parts.
• Hand saws (crosscut saw and ripsaw) , Jack plane.
• Planning of cut out parts to
• Wood chisel, Mallet.
smoothen the surfaces.
• Hammer and pincers
• Joining and fastening of the cut out
Department of Mechanical Engineering parts with nails and glues.
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WOODEN BOX
The trays were made with wooden
frames permit free flow of air within the
drying cabinet (chamber). Three trays
were used with average of22.5 cm
spacing arranged vertically one on top
of the other, the tray size was 50 × 86
cm

fit six wood strip for supporting the

trays. Make some holes in the roof of
drying chamber for exhausting the hot
air in to the atmosphere.

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ALUMINIUM SHEET
Covering the glass wool by the
aluminium sheet of 27 gauge thickness
and sheet is fastened to the heating
chamber
 5 passings are made by placing
wooden ply of 10 cm height on the
aluminium sheet at the equal interval..
The alluminium sheet was used of 27
gauge thickness. It was cut to the size of
175 × 100cm to minimize the top heat
loss

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GLASS
The glass was cut into size of 175 ×
100 cm size. It is added as the solar
collector’s cover. It is fitted by the
silicon glue for the air tightening the
chamber. The glass used was clear glass
with 8 mm thickness
All inner side of the drying chamber
are covered with glass wool of 5 cm
thickness for minimize the heat loss
from the drying chamber and glass wool
is covered by the aluminium foil of 47
gauge..

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FINAL MATERIAL

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APPLICATION OF SOLAR FRUIT DRYER

 

• Agricultural crop drying.

• Food processing industries for dehydration of fruits and
vegetables.
• Fish and meat drying.
• Dairy industries for production of milk powder.
• Seasoning of wood and timber.
• Textile industries for drying of textile materials, etc

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BILL OF MATERIAL

SR COMPONENT MATERIA DIMENSION(mm)

NO. L
1 Solar Collector Glass 1750×1000
2 Absorber Plate Aluminium 1750×1000
3 Heating Chamber Wood 1750×1000×150
4 Drying Chamber Wood 1000×1000×600
5 Insulation Glass wool 50
6 Tray Aluminium 500×850
7 Roof Wood 1000×600

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COST OF CALCULATION

FABRICATION COST [C1]: 

TOTAL COST [C] : 
• Wood Material = ₹ 5100 Extra work
PAINT AND SOLUTION [C5]: 
cost = ₹ 2100 
• Total cost of paint and solution = ₹ 300 
ALLUMINIUM SHEET [C2]: 
BLOWER [C6]: 
• Total cost of both the aluminium • Cost of blower = ₹ 500
sheet = ₹ 960
TRANSPORTATION COST [C7]: 
  GLASS [C3]:  • Cost of transporting Model and Glass = ₹ 315 
• Cost of Glass, Silicon and Fitting = ₹ EXTRA COST [C8]:
2030
TRAY [C4]: • Total cost of Domestic Solar Fruit Chips Dryer
 Cost of the tray and it’s framing = ₹ =
500  • C1 + C2 + C3 + C4 + C5 + C6 + C7 + C8 = ₹
12005
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TESTING

• we describe earlier our basic purpose is to achieve70 to 80ºc temperature at the

inlet of the drying chamber and reduce moisture upto minor level
• After assembling both the chamber , we fit the blower in the inlet of the heating
chamber
Without blower :
• Ambient temperature = 35ºc
• Outlet temperature of heating chamber = 70ºc

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With blower : [25/05/2021]

INLET INTERMED
AMBIENT TEMP. OF IATE TEMP. EXIT
TIME OF IN THE
TEMP. DRYING TEMP.
DAY DRYING
[ºC] CHAMBER [ºC]
[ºC] CHAMBER
[ºC]
10:00 A.M 35 75 68 60
11:00 A.M 38 80 73 63
12:00 A.M 40 84 75 66
1:00 P.M 39 80 72 64
2:00 P.M 39 78 70 63
3:00 P.M 38 76 68 63
4:00 P.M 35 70 62 55
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With blower : [26/05/2021]

INTERMEDI
INLET TEMP. ATE TEMP.
AMBIENT OF DRYING IN THE
TIME OF DAY EXIT TEMP. [ºC]
TEMP. [ºC] CHAMBER DRYING
[ºC] CHAMBER
[ºC]
10:00 A.M 35 75 65 54
11:00 A.M 38 80 70 58
12:00 A.M 40 80 72 60
1:00 P.M 39 78 72 62
2:00 P.M 39 76 71 64
3:00 P.M 38 74 68 63
4:00 P.M 35 70 64 57
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FINAL PROJECT

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DIFFENTENT OF DRYIND
BEFORE Drying After Drying

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CONCLUSION
• In this paper, a review of the research paper is state
that, use of solar dryer led to considerable reduction in
drying time in comparison to that of conventional sun
drying, and the product dried using this dryer were of
better quality as compare to their conventional sun
dried. The efficiency of solar drying system is affected
by the properties of drying materials . eg . moisture
content, size, shape, and geometry as well as ambient
conditions which includes solar radiation and
temperature, relative humidity, velocity and
atmospheric pressure of ambient air.

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REFERENCE
• Heat and Mass transfer by R .K. Rajput.
• Alternate Energy Sources by Tech-Max publication.
• Thermodynamics by [Link] publication.
• [Link]
• [Link]
• Ghazanfari, A and Sokhansanj, S. 2002. Experiments on solar drying of Pistachio nuts. Energy
Conversion Management 27: 343-349.
• Janjaia, S; Srisittipokakuna, N; and Balab, B.K. 2008. Experimental and modelling
performances of a roof-integrated solar drying system for drying herbs and spices. Journal of
Energy 33:91–10346
• Karathanos, K and Belessiotis, L. 2002. Natural convection solar dryer with biomass backup
heater, Solar Energy, vol. 72, pp. 75-83.
Khalil, E.J; Al-Juamily, Khalifa, N; and Yassen, T.A. 2007. Testing of the performance of a fruit
and vegetable solar drying system in Iraq. Journal of Desalination. 209: 163–170

 
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