DEPARTMENT
OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ENGINEERING MECHANICS
-By Chhagan Kharol
Introduction
Shear and Bending Moment Diagrams
Sample Problem 5.1
Sample Problem 5.2
Relations Among Load, Shear, and Bending Moment
Sample Problem 5.3
Sample Problem 5.5
Design of Prismatic Beams for Bending
Sample Problem 5.8
• Objective - Analysis and design of beams
• Beams - structural members supporting loads at
various points along the member
• Transverse loadings of beams are classified as
concentrated loads or distributed loads
• Applied loads result in internal forces
consisting of a shear force (from the shear stress
distribution) and a bending couple (from the
normal stress distribution)
• Normal stress is often the critical design criteria
My Mc M
x m
I I S
Requires determination of the location and
magnitude of largest bending moment
Classification of Beam Supports
• Determination of maximum normal and
shearing stresses requires identification of
maximum internal shear force and bending
couple.
• Shear force and bending couple at a point are
determined by passing a section through the
beam and applying an equilibrium analysis
on the beam portions on either side of the
section.
• Sign conventions for shear forces V and V’
and bending couples M and M’
SOLUTION:
• Treating the entire beam as a rigid
body, determine the reaction forces
• Section the beam at points near
supports and load application points.
Apply equilibrium analyses on
resulting free-bodies to determine
For the timber beam and loading internal shear forces and bending
shown, draw the shear and bend- couples
moment diagrams and determine the
• Identify the maximum shear and
maximum normal stress due to
bending. bending-moment from plots of their
distributions.
• Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the corresponding
maximum normal stress.
SOLUTION:
• Treating the entire beam as a rigid body, determine
the reaction forces
from Fy 0 M B : RB 46 kN RD 14 kN
• Section the beam and apply equilibrium analyses
on resulting free-bodies
Fy 0 20 kN V1 0 V1 20 kN
M1 0 20 kN 0 m M1 0 M1 0
Fy 0 20 kN V2 0 V2 20 kN
M2 0 20 kN 2.5 m M 2 0 M 2 50 kN m
V3 26 kN M 3 50 kN m
V4 26 kN M 4 28 kN m
V5 14 kN M 5 28 kN m
V6 14 kN M 6 0
• Identify the maximum shear and bending-
moment from plots of their distributions.
Vm 26 kN M m M B 50 kN m
• Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the corresponding
maximum normal stress.
S 16 b h 2 16 0.080 m 0.250 m 2
833.33 10 6 m3
MB 50 103 N m
m
S 833.33 10 6 m3
m 60.0 106 Pa
SOLUTION:
• Replace the 45 kN load with an
equivalent force-couple system at D.
Find the reactions at B by considering
the beam as a rigid body.
• Section the beam at points near the
support and load application points.
The structure shown is constructed of a Apply equilibrium analyses on
W 250x167 rolled-steel beam. (a) Draw resulting free-bodies to determine
the shear and bending-moment internal shear forces and bending
diagrams for the beam and the given couples.
loading. (b) determine normal stress in
sections just to the right and left of point • Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
D. determine the maximum normal
stress to the left and right of point D.
SOLUTION:
• Replace the 45 kN load with equivalent force-
couple system at D. Find reactions at B.
• Section the beam and apply equilibrium
analyses on resulting free-bodies.
From A to C :
F 0 45x V 0
y V 45 x kN
M 0 45 x x M 0
1
1
2 M 22.5 x 2 kNm
From C to D :
F 0
y 108 V 0 V 108 kN
M 0 2 108 x 1.2 M 0 M 129.6 108x kNm
From D to B :
V 153 kN M 305.1 153 x kNm
• Apply the elastic flexure formulas to
determine the maximum normal stress to
the left and right of point D.
From Appendix C for a W250x167 rolled
steel shape, S = 2.08x10-3 m3 about the X-X
axis.
To the left of D :
M 226.8 103 Nm
m m 109 MPa
S 2.08 10-3 m 3
To the right of D :
M 199.8 103 Nm
m m 96 MPa
S 2.08 10 -3 m 3
• Relationship between load and shear:
Fy 0 : V V V w x 0
V w x
dV
w
dx
xD
VD VC w dx
xC
• Relationship between shear and bending
moment:
M C 0 : M M M V x wx x 0
2
M V x 12 w x 2
dM
V
dx
xD
M D MC V dx
xC
SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at A and D.
• Apply the relationship between shear and
load to develop the shear diagram.
• Apply the relationship between bending
Draw the shear and bending
moment diagrams for the beam moment and shear to develop the bending
and loading shown. moment diagram.
SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body, determine the
reactions at A and D.
M A 0
0 D 7.2 m 90 kN 1.8 m 54 kN 4.2 m 52.8 kN 8.4 m
D 115.6 kN
F y 0
0 Ay 90 kN 54 kN 115.6 kN 52.8 kN
Ay 81.2 kN
• Apply the relationship between shear and load to
develop the shear diagram.
dV
w dV w dx
dx
- zero slope between concentrated loads
- linear variation over uniform load segment
• Apply the relationship between bending
moment and shear to develop the bending
moment diagram.
dM
V dM V dx
dx
- bending moment at A and E is zero
- bending moment variation between A, B,
C and D is linear
- bending moment variation between D
and E is quadratic
- net change in bending moment is equal to
areas under shear distribution segments
- total of all bending moment changes across
the beam should be zero
SOLUTION:
• Taking the entire beam as a free body,
determine the reactions at C.
• Apply the relationship between shear
and load to develop the shear diagram.
Draw the shear and bending moment • Apply the relationship between
diagrams for the beam and loading bending moment and shear to develop
shown. the bending moment diagram.
