Chapter 4 Aviation Industry Certification Requirements

Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Básicas

1
 Aviation Industry Most heavily regulated
Design of vehicles
• From Design
• Through the Manufacturing efforts
• Operation
• Maintenance
• Personnel

2
 Aircraft Certification

Type certificate (TC) Production certificate (PC) Airworthiness certificate (AC)

• Aircraft design • Manufacturing process • Aircraft

Full aircraft certification require 3 necessary certificates

3
Type Certificate (TC) Apply for TC in early stages of design
Vehicle
Type Certificate Engines Propellers Various instruments Systems Equipment

• All aircraft built for commercial

or private use must have an approved
Type Certificate (TC)

• The TC is applied for early in the design stages

but is not awarded until the aircraft is actually
built, tested in flight, and proven to meet the
standards of safety and airworthiness.

• All these parameters combined

(which define the airframe/engine combination)
must be identified on a
data sheet attached to the certificate

Cruise speed
Capabilities Limitations Passenger cargo limits Altitude limits Fuel capacity
(top speed) 4
 Type Certificate (FAA form 8110.9)

• All these parameters combined

• The TC is applied for early in the design stages
(which define the airframe/engine combination)
but is not awarded until the aircraft is actually
must be identified on a
built, tested in flight, and proven to meet the
data sheet attached to the certificate
standards of safety and airworthiness.

5
 Type Certificate
For example, the Boeing Company applied for the TC for the 757-200 airplane
in 1978; it was awarded by the FAA’s Aircraft Certification Office (ACO) in 1982.

6
• Un Certificado Tipo esta conformado por:
• a) El Diseño Tipo.
• b) Las Limitaciones de Operación.
• c) Las Especificaciones del producto (Data Sheet)
• d) Los requisitos de aeronavegabilidad que la UAEAC ha comprobado cumplen el
plan de certificación establecido para la aprobación del Certificado Tipo (TC),
(incluidas las condiciones especiales).
• e) Los registros y datos de las pruebas, ensayos, cálculos y toda otra
documentación, presentada por el solicitante y aprobada por la UAEAC.
• f) Cualquier otra condición o limitaciones prescritas por la UAEAC para el producto.
 Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)
Variations or derivatives of model

The STC will change and how the new modification will be affecting the existing product. The model/type will be
added to the certificate and an additional data sheet will be attached to delineate.

STC

8
Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)

• Required FAA approval

• Supplemental Type Certificate (STC)
• Define existing product
• Modifications affecting original design
• Additional data sheet
• Design must be proven by FAA in a proving flight

9
Production Certification(FAA form 8120-4)
Once TC is awarded – manufacturer
applies for Production Certificate (PC)PC
issued when FAA satisfied:

with quality control system that

consists of necessary manufacturing
and production facilities

Effective quality system for compliance

with 14 CFR part 21

Approved design data for each aircraft

built to TC standards

Each copy of the aircraft must be built

to TC standards

10
Production limitation record (PLR)
A production certificate may have
a production limitation record
(PLR), which lists all the TCs and
STCs issued to that manufacturer
as well as any limitations.

11
Airworthiness Certification (FAA form 8100-2)
Awarded by the FAA’s Manufacturing Inspection District Office (MIDO) to each aircraft produced by the
manufacturer, this certificate is awarded after the aircraft has passed all inspections and a successful
flight test – just prior to delivery to the customer. The AC contains the aircraft’s unique serial (tail)
number

12
Airworthiness Certification (FAA form 8100-2)

Aircraft meets its type design

The AC remains Aircraft is in a condition for safe operation

in effect as long
as these All applicable airworthiness directives (ADs) have been
incorporated

conditions are Maintenance and alterations are performed in accordance

met: with applicable FARs

FAA may cancel, suspend, supersede, or revoke the AC if

any of the above have been violated

13
 Airworthiness Certification (FAA form 8100-2)

FAA rules require that the AC be displayed in the aircraft (usually by the main door)Airworthiness
Certificate is also allowed for the following categories of vehicles:
• Normal
• Utility
• Acrobatic
• Transport
• Special Classes

14
Delivery Inspection Prior to delivery to a customer
The customer inspects aircraft to ensure it meets customer specifications and requirements. Includes –
basic design, options, customer furnished equipment (shape color, and positioning of the airline
logo)Inspection includes a test flight by their own flight and cabin crews
Once the customer accepts aircraft from the manufacturer. That customer is responsible for maintaining
in airworthy condition IAW its own maintenance program and regulatory authority rules.

15
 Operator Certification
Operator can not just buy a plane, get a license, advertise for customers and enter commercial service.
Must provide necessary info:
• He/she understands the business aspect of commercial aviation
• Understands the operational and maintenance aspects of commercial aviation operation
• Has the necessary people, facilities, and processes in place to carry out that business

16
 Operator Certification
Secretary of the Department of Transportation (DOT) issues a “certificate of public convenience and
necessity” – authorizing to enter into commercial transportation
• The applicant is “fit, willing and able” to perform the service
• The OC is issued by the Flight Standards District Office (FSDO)
• The OC is NOT transferrable to another operator

17
 Operator Certification

• The OC remains in effect

indefinitely unless surrendered
by the operator, superseded by
another certificate, or revoked
by the FAA

• Federal Aviation Act of 1958

requires airlines to develop an
Operations Specifications
Document (Ops Specs) for each
type of aircraft to be operated

18
Operator Certification
Ops Specs outlines operational
activities:
• Type of service to be offered,
passenger, cargo, or
combination
• Type of aircraft to be used
• Routes to be flown
• Airports and alternate airports
that will be used
• Navigation and communication
facilities to be utilized on each
route
• Way points used in navigation
• Take off and approach routes –
including alternate approach
routes at each airport

19
Operator Certification
Ops Specs must also identify the
maintenance and inspection program
applicable to the model
• Including scheduled and
unscheduled maintenance
• Inspection program
• Engine and equipment repair
program (off-aircraft maintenance)
• Quality assurance and reliability
programs
• If any aircraft or systems
maintenance is performed by third
party that agreement must also be in
the Ops Specs

20
Certification of Personnel

Airline operations under part 121 state

• Airline must have sufficient full-time
qualified management and technical
personnel to ensure a high degree of
safety in its operations

• The must have the necessary “training,

experience, and expertise” for
conduction the business of aviation and
must be knowledgeable of the
regulatory and airline policies and
procedures as they relate to their
specific jobs

21
Aviation Maintenance Certifications
Aviation Maintenance training schools
must train in accordance with FAA
regulations.

To earn an Airframe and Powerplant (A&P)

license – aviation schools must fulfill three
requirements (before taking FAA A&Ps
exam)
• General Aviation Course
• Airframe Course
• Power plant Course
• Avionics/FCC license course (optional)

22
 PERSONAL
AERONÁUTICO
RAC 2
• ALUMNO PILOTO - AVIÓN O HELICÓPTERO APA ó APH
• PILOTO PRIVADO – AVIÓN PPA
• PILOTO PRIVADO –HELICÓPTERO PPH
• PILOTO COMERCIAL – AVIÓN PCA
• PILOTO COMERCIAL – HELICÓPTERO PCH
• PILOTO DE TRANSPORTE DE LÍNEA AÉREA AVIÓN PTL
• PILOTO DE TRANSPORTE DE LÍNEA AÉREA – HELICÓPTERO PTH
• PILOTO DE PLANEADOR PPL
• PILOTO DE GLOBO LIBRE PGL
• INGENIERO DE VUELO – AVIÓN IDVA
• INGENIERO DE VUELO HELICÓPTERO IDVH
• NAVEGANTE DE VUELO NDV
• AUXILIAR DE SERVICIOS A BORDO ASA
• TÉCNICO DE LÍNEA AVIONES TLA
• TÉCNICO DE LÍNEA HELICÓPTEROS TLH
• TÉCNICO ESPECIALISTA EN REPARACIÓN DE PLANTAS MOTRICES TERM
• TÉCNICO ESPECIALISTA EN ESTRUCTURAS METÁLICAS TEMC Y MATERIALES COMPUESTOS
• TÉCNICO ESPECIALISTA EN SISTEMAS HIDRÁULICOS TESH
• TÉCNICO ESPECIALISTA EN HÉLICES TEH
• TÉCNICO ESPECIALISTA EN AVIÓNICA TEEI
• INGENIERO ESPECIALISTA AERONÁUTICO IEA
• DESPACHADORES DE AERONAVES DPA
• CONTROLADOR DE TRANSITO AÉREO CTA
• OPERADOR DE ESTACIÓN AERONÁUTICA OEA
• BOMBERO AERONÁUTICO BAE
• INSTRUCTOR DE VUELO – AVIÓN O HELICÓPTERO IVA ó IVH
• INSTRUCTOR DE VUELO - PLANEADOR O GLOBO IVP ó IVG
• INSTRUCTOR DE INGENIEROS DE VUELO IDVI
• INSTRUCTORES DE TIERRA EN ESPECIALIDADES AERONÁUTICAS IET
 General Aviation Course
Is a building block or provides a foundation to aviation maintenance
• History of Aviation
• Cross References, Diagrams, and subject matter as an excellent resource for someone just starting out
• Include Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) and Advisory Circulars (AC)

27
 Airframe Course

• Covers aircraft metals, structure, and

all other components – excluding
engines
• Provides understanding of aircraft
structures and components
• Cut, tear, weld and lubricate aircraft
systems and components
• Include use and understanding or
hydraulic and pneumatic systems
• Mimic aviation maintenance shops
with hands on involvement

28
 Avionics/FCC Course Curriculum covers:
Introduction to electronic and avionics theory and practical applications
Avionics technicians troubleshoot, repair and maintain:
• Aircraft electrical systems
• RADAR
• GPWS
• Terrain collision and avoidance systems
• Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)
• Soldering broken wires
Requires great attention to detail

29
 Aviation Industry Interaction
Made up of:
• Aircraft Manufacturers
• Manufacturers and venders of parts, systems and accessories for the aircraft
• Airline operators
• Third-party maintenance organizations
• Trade associations
• Air Transport Association of America (ATA)
• International Air Transport Association (IATA)
• Flight crew, cabin crew
• Mechanics’ unions
• Regulatory Authorities

30
GRACIAS

31