Outline of the Presentation

• Endorsement for Final Defense

• List of Recommended Revisions
• Objectives of the Study
• Materials and Methods – pictures
• Results and Discussions – discuss result only
• Conclusions
• Appendices - Elle
Endorsement
for Final
Defense
List of Recommended Revisions
Objectives of the Study
The aim of the study is to develop a particleboard from bamboo waste with graphene and
determine the properties of fabricated particleboard in terms of:
•SEM Scan Analysis
•Density
•Water Absorption
•Thickness Swelling
•Modulus of Rupture
•Fire resistance.
Materials and Methods
• Conceptual Framework
Materials and Methods
• Methodology
Production of Bamboo Particleboard
1. Cut the Bamboo into tiny strips.
2. Put the Bamboo Strips in a grinder/blender to produce bamboo powder.
3. Put the ground Bamboo in a No. 40 sieve. The particles that passed through
the sieve will be used in making the particleboard.
4. Dry the Bamboo particles to remove any present moisture. For the
formworks, the molders are fabricated in a steel fabrication shop. The
dimensions of the two molders are 10in x 4in x 1in.
Materials and Methods
Production of Bamboo Particleboard
5. In a mixing bowl, mix the Bamboo particles and the epoxy resin. Mix it for
10 minutes to produce a homogenous mixture. The mass ratio of bamboo
particles and epoxy resin in shown below.

6. After manual blending, place the mixture in the molder and spread it
evenly. Lightly press the mixture in the molder to lessen the voids. Put a cover
(illustration board in our case) that fits inside the molder.
Materials and Methods
Production of Bamboo Particleboard
6. After manual blending, place the mixture in the molder and spread it
evenly. Lightly press the mixture in the molder to lessen the voids. Put a cover
(illustration board in our case) that fits inside the molder.
7. Place a 5 kg weight over the covered molder for 60 seconds to promote
adhesive solidification.
8. Air-dry the samples for 24 hours. After 7 days, the sample is ready for
testing.
Materials and Methods
• Materials
• Bamboo Powder
• Graphene Powder
• Epoxy Resin (Adhesive)

Bamboo Powder Epoxy Resin (Adhesive) Graphene Powder

Results and Discussions
• Present results in Table form
• Explain the table
• Present the Statistical Analysis
• Do not present the detailed calculation. Present the equation used or
methodology used.
• Discuss the Results
Highlight only the major idea and explain more
Results and Discussions
• Discussion of Results
1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Scan Analysis
It generates information about the sample’s composition and orientation
of the materials that make up the sample, using a focussed beam of high-
energy electrons. The graphene fills in the voids in between the fibres of the
bamboo and it doesn`t damage the bamboo particles. A sample that has
added graphene looks thicker and solid. Bamboo particle boards with
graphene is more bonded compared to the bamboo particle board without
graphene.
 Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM) Scan
Analysis

Without Graphene With Graphene

Results and Discussions
• Discussion of Results
2. Density
Density is the most significant metric of particleboard efficiency, as it has
the greatest impact on all properties. Sample without graphene had
densities of 696 and 693.55, while sample with graphene had densities of
642.86 and 638.4, respectively. With this result, our particleboards belong to
Intermediate-density particleboard with a density range of 640-800 kg/m3.
Results and Discussions
• Discussion of Results
3. Water Absorption
Water absorption varies from 2.778 percent to 11.111 percent for boards
without graphene and 3.348 percent to 53.572 percent for boards built with
graphene, according to the results. Water absorption and board density are
strongly linked in the 24-hour water soak test. A more recent study claims
that graphene can minimize water absorption by acting as a barrier. The
ability to resist water permeation, as seen in the graphene-coated boards, is a
direct sign of dimensional stability. As a result, its potential to outperform
others when exposed to water and moisture is very promising.
Results and Discussions
• Discussion of Results
4. Thickness Swelling
The water absorption of particleboards mediated Bamboo Strips with and
without graphene is shown in Table II. For particleboard without graphene, the
thickness swelling values ranged from 0% to 1%. Particleboards with graphene,
on the other hand, have 0% swelling. As a result, particleboards made with
graphene are expected to work better than those made without graphene. The
presence of voids influences thickness swelling in the same way as voids affect
water absorption. These voids promote water permeation, which ultimately
contributes to thickness swelling, according to previous literature.
Results and Discussions
• Discussion of Results
5. Modulus of Rupture
The MOR of particleboards induced from bamboo with and without graphene
from the results were discovered to range from 3.23 MPa to 3.24 MPa for
boards without graphene and 5.92 MPa to 7.12 MPa for graphene-based
boards. The test show that the application of graphene can withstand more
force before failure than those without it, suggesting that it is the best blend.
However, none of the tested particleboards were able to meet the American
National Standards Institute's minimum quality parameters for intermediate-
density and high-density boards.
Results and Discussions
• Discussion of Results
6. Fire Resistance
The board specimens were combusted to examine the percentage of weight reduction
of samples under heating conditions. Table I shows the percentage of its weight loss
after its combustion process. It is notable that the range of weight loss percentage of the
samples without graphene is ranging from 78.94% to 83.696%. On the other hand, the
range of the weight loss of the samples with graphene is ranging from 77.55% to
78.571%. Graphene that is well dispersed in the coatings forms a barrier that prevents
the flame and heat to reach the surface of the material.
 
Conclusion and Future Works
Highlight only the major idea and explain more
Appendix A
Trade-Off Analysis
Appendix B
Statistical Analysis and Calculations