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Vector Geometry for Students

This document outlines a chapter on vector geometry. It introduces vectors and lines in 3D space, including operations like addition and scalar multiplication. It also covers projections and planes, using the dot product. More on the cross product is discussed. Linear operations in 3D space and an application to computer graphics transformations are described. Computer graphics uses matrices to represent transformations applied to image data.

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Ha Truong Cong
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117 views42 pages

Vector Geometry for Students

This document outlines a chapter on vector geometry. It introduces vectors and lines in 3D space, including operations like addition and scalar multiplication. It also covers projections and planes, using the dot product. More on the cross product is discussed. Linear operations in 3D space and an application to computer graphics transformations are described. Computer graphics uses matrices to represent transformations applied to image data.

Uploaded by

Ha Truong Cong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

4

VECTOR GEOMETRY
Chapter Outline
 4.1. Vectors and Lines
 4.2. Projections and Planes
 4.3. More on the Cross Product
 4.4. Linear Operations on 3
 4.5. An application to Computer Graphics
4.1. Vectors and Lines
Vectors in 3 point P(x, y, z)

 The terms vector and point


vector v
are interchangeable.
Vectors in  3

Length.
If then

Ex.
True or false?
 
-2v
 If = 3, then = -6. v
 If = 0, then is zero vector.
Scalar Multiple Law
Equality
Let v  0 and w  0 be vectors in R3.
Then v = w if and only if v and w have the same direction and the
same length.
v  
w
 
 The same geometric vector can be positioned anywhere in space.
Parallel vectors

ll
 Two nonzero vectors are called para el if they have the same or
opposite direction.
 v and w are parallel  v = kw for some scalar k

v -2v
The Parallelogram Law

v v + w  first v then w

w
v + w = w + v
Tip-to-tail rule

B
C

A
Distance between two points
Lines in Space
 Given the point P0 (with vector p0) and the direction vector d  0.
 Then line parallel to d through the point P0 is given by:

p = p0 + td,
(t is any number)
Lines in Space
Lines in Space
 Ex. Given P0()
4.2 Projections and Planes
 The Dot Product
 The Dot Product
Properties of dot product

 
Ex. Find (v + w)(v – 2w) if
and vw = -1.
Angles between vectors

Example.
Orthogonality
 Two vectors v and w are said to be orthogonal if

vw=0
u u–v 1. v  d
Projection  v d 2. u – v  d
Projection
Planes
Equation of a Plane
The Cross Product
Properties of cross product
Exercises – equations of
planes
4.3 More on Cross Product
 Read yourself pages
4.5 An application in Computer
Graphics

Data matrix D
How to change image?

C
D

C
Computer graphics
 Image  matrix D
 Matrices of transformations A1, A2, ..., An

 Compute An...A3A2A1D

3rd transformation 1st transformation Data matrix

nth transformation 2nd transformation


Some common transformations
and their matrices
 Reflections and Projections
 Rotations
 Translations
Matrices of Reflections and
Projections
 Reflections and Projections
Matrices of Rotations
Matrices of Translations
 Need a clever way to give these matrices (Read yourself in the text
book)
Summary
 4.1. Vectors and Lines
 4.2. Projections and Planes
 4.3. More on the Cross Product
 4.4. Linear Operations on 3
 4.5. An application to Computer Graphics

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