LECTURE 26

By
D. V. Ramana Reddy
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
 SHEAR STRESSES IN BEAMS

TOPICS :

•Derivation of shear stress equation

•Shear stress distribution in Rectangular section

Shear Stress
Shear Stress W

A B
L

Shear Stresses are W

w N/m

the internal resistance

to external force
which causes shearing
of a member. A B
It is denoted by ‘τ ’
and unit is N/mm2
 w N/m
W

A B

A C

N A

B D
dx
 w N/m
W

A B

A C

N A

B D
dx
 w N/m
W

A B

M M+dM

A C

N A

B D
dx
 w N/m
W

A B

M M+dM

σ A C σ+ dσ

N A

B D
dx
 w N/m
W

A B

M M+dM dA

σ A C σ+ dσ

y d
N A

B D
dx b
 The value of bending stress on Face AB= AB

M
 AB  y
I

The value of bending stress on Face CD=CD

M  dM
 CD  y
I
The Force acting on face AB=FAB
M
FAB   AB  dA   y  dA
I

The Force acting on face CD=FCD

M  dM
FCD   CD  dA   y  dA
I
 Net UnBalanceing force on Small Strip=dF
dF=FCD  FAB

M  dM M
dF  ( )  y  dA   y  dA
I I

M dM M
dF   y  dA   y  dA   y  dA
I I I
 dM
dF   y  dA
I
In o r d e r t o g e t t h e T o t a l F o r c e
a c t i n g o n C r o s s s e c t i o n a p p ly t h e In t e g r a t i o n

dM
 dF =  I  y  dA

dM dM 
F   y  dA F   A y
I I

( A  y   y  dA)
F
Shearing Area

dx
b
 F F
ShearStress τ = 
dA b  dx

dM 
 A y 
I dM  A y
τ  
b  dx I  b  dx

F  A  y FA  VQ
τ 
I b

Ib
y
τ 
(F 
dM
) Ib
dx
 F A 
τ = y
Ib

τ = Shear Stress
F = Shear Force
A= Area of cross section
I = Moment of Inertia about neutral axis

y = Distance from the Neutral axis
Shear stress variation in Rectangular section

d
A  b(  y )
d/2 -y
d/2
y
d
2
3
bd
I
b
12

 1 d d y y d 1 d
y  y  (  y)  y      ( y  )
2 2 4 2 2 4 2 2
 d 1 d
F  b(  y )  ( y  )
τ = 2 2 2
3
bd
b
12
d 1 d
12 F  (  y )  ( y  )
 2 2 2
3
bd

1 d d d 2
12F  (  y)(y  ) 6F  (  y )
2

τ= 2 2 2  4
3
bd bd 3
 2
d
6F  (  y )
2

 4
3
bd

1. Shear stress distribution along depth is parabolic nature

  0
d/2 -y  a v g
d/2
y  m ax
d

b
  0
2.  Top = bottom  0 ( y  d / 2)

3.  = max ( y  0)
2
6F d 3 F 3
 max  3     avg .
bd 4 2 bd 2
3
 max   avg .
2
Case study 1
A wooden beam 100mm wide and 150mm deep is simply
supported over a span of 4m. If shear force at section of the
beam is 4500N, Find the shear stress at a distance of 25mm
above the Neutral axis.

F  A y
τ  50
I b 25
75
150

F  4500 N
100
b  100mm
Area of cross section A=100  50=5000mm 2

 50
y  25   50mm
2
bd3
100 150 3
I   28125000mm 4

12 12

F  A y
τ  4500500050
I b   0.4N / mm2

28125000100
Case study 2
A rectangular beam 100mm wide and 250mm deep is
subjected to a maximum shear force of 50kN. Determine:
(a)Average shear stress(b)Maximum Shear stress
(c) Shear stress at a distance of 25mm above the neutral axis

Given :
125
b  100mm 250

d  250mm
F  50000 N 100
 F 50000
[Link] stress =avg    2N/ mm2

bd 100250

3
Maximum Shear Stress   max   avg
2

 max  1.5  2  3 N / mm 2
Shear Stress at a distance of 25mmfromthe Neutral axis
2
d
6F  (  y )
2
F d2
  (  y2 )
 4 OR
2I 4
3
bd
2
250
6  50000  (  25 )
2

 4  2.88 N / mm 2

100  250 3
   0
 avg  2 N / mm2
100
125  25  2.88N / mm2
 max  3N / mm2
25 250

100
  0
 Case Study 3
A timber beam of rectangular section is simply supported at
the ends and carries a point load w in N at the centre of the
beam. The maximum bending stress is 12N/mm2 and
maximum shearing stress is 1 N/mm2, Find the ratio of the
span to depth.

W d/2
d

A B
L
b
Given Data:
Maximum Bending Stress  max  12 N / mm 2

Maximum Shearing Stress  max  1N / mm 2

Width of the beam = b

Depth of the beam = d
Span of the beam = L
Load = W
L
=?
d
 W
Shear Force 2 W
Average Shear stress  avg =  
Area b  d 2bd

3 W 3W
Maximum Shear Stress  max    1
2 2bd 4 bd

3W W 4
 max  1       (1)
4 bd bd 3
 M  M
Bending Equation =    max   ymax
I y I

Wl
M 4 d Wl 12 d 3 Wl
 max   ymax  3   3 
I bd 2 4 bd 2 2 bd 2
12
3 Wl Wl 24
 max  2
 12   8
2 bd bd 2
3
W L 4 L L
 8  8 6
bd d 3 d d
 Case Study 4
A simply supported wooden beam of span 1.3m having a
cross section 150mm wide by 250mm deep carries a point
load W at the centre. The maximum bending stress is 7N/mm2
and maximum shearing stress is 1 N/mm2, Find the safe load
W.

W d/2
d

A B
L
b
 Wl
M 4 d Wl 12 d 3 Wl
max   ymax  3    3   2
 7N / mm2

I bd 2 4 bd 2 2 bd
12

3W1.31000
max   7N/ mm2
W 33653.8N
2 1502502

W
Shear Force 2 W
Average Shear stress avg=  
Area bd 2bd
 3 W 3W
MaximumShear Stress max    1N / mm2

2 2bd 4 bd

3 W
  1N / mm 2

4 150  250
W  50000 N

Safe Load= smaller value=33653.8N

Shear Stress distribution In Circular Section

E B
F
R y
Τ max

Consider a strip of thickness dy at a distance of y from the neutral axis

Let dA is area of small strip


F  A y
τ 
I b
dA=EF dy=2EB dy=2 R  y  dy 2 2

Moment of this area about neutral axis = y  dA=2 y R 2  y 2  dy

R
Moment of whole shaded area about neutral axis=  2 y R 2  y 2  dy
y

AY = - (2 y ) R  y  dy
2 2

y
 R
 3 
[ R 2  y 2 ]2 
  
3
 
 2 y

3 3
2
  [( R  R )  ( R  y ) ]
2 2 2 2 2 2

3
3
2
   [0  ( R  y ) ]
2 2 2

3
 3
2 2
A  Y  (R  y ) 2 2

3
3
2 2
F  (R  y )2 2
FA 3
 Y 
Ib I b
3
2 2
F  (R  y )
2 2

3 F 2
 1
 (R  y )
2

3I
I  2( R  y )
2 2 2
Conditions :
y0
FR F R 4 2
F 2
4 4
 max        Avg
3I 3 R 4
R 3 3
2

Y R
 0

E B
F
R y
Τ max
Case Study 1
A circular beam of 100mm diameter is subjected to a shear force of 5kN.
Calculate:
(a) Average shear stress (b) Maximum Shear stress (c) Shear stress at a
distance of 40mm from N.A (d) Sketch the variation of shear stress along
depth.

F 5000
τ avg    0.6366 N / mm 2

R 2
3.1415  50 2

4
 max  τ avg
3
 4
 max   0.6366  0.8488 N / mm 2

3
F 2 5000
 40  (R  y ) 
2
 (50  40 )
2 2

3I 
3  100 4

64

 40  0.3055 N / mm 2
 Τ=0
B
 4 0
E F τ avg
R y
Τ max

Τ=0
Shear Stress Distribution in ‘I’ Section

B
F  A y
τ 
(D/2-d/2) I b
D/2
d/2

b
 Shear stress distribution in Flange
B

D
D/2-y (D/2-d/2)
Af = B  (  y)
2
D/2
y d/2

b
1 D
Y  (y  )
2 2

2
D 1 D B D
AY  B  (  y )  ( y  )  ( y )
2

2 2 2 2 4
 
F  A y F B D 2
τf    ( y )
2

I b IB 2 4
2
F D
τf  ( y )
2

2I 4
C o n d itio n 1 if y = D /2

τf  0
C o n d itio n 1 if y = d /2
F D2 d 2 F
τf  (  ) (D 2  d 2 )
2I 4 4 8I
Web section
B

D/2-d/2

D
/
d/2 2
y
b
 AYis made up of two parts
Moment of Inertia of the flange about N.A+
Moment of inertia of web about N.A

D d 1 d D d 1 d
AY  B(  )  (  )  b(  y)  ( y  )
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

2
B 2 b d
AY  ( D  d )  (  y )
2 2

8 2 4
 
F  A y
τf 
I b
2
F B 2 2 b d
τf  [ (D  d )  (  y )]
2

Ib 8 2 4
Condition 1 if y = 0
2
F B 2 bd
 max  [ (D  d ) 
2
]
Ib 8 8
at the junction of top of the web and bottom of the flange

2 2
F B 2 b d d
τw   [ ( D  d )  (  )]
2

Ib 8 2 4 4

F
τw   [ B( D  d )]
2 2

8Ib

F B
τw   [( D  d )]
2 2

8I b
Case Study 1
An ’I’ Section beam 350x150mm has a web thickness of 10mm and a
flange thickness of 20mm. if the shear force acting on the section is
40kN, Find the maximum shear stress developed in the section and also
sketch the shear stress distribution across the section.
150

20
Overall Depth D = 350mm
Overall width w = 150mm
N.A
10 Web thickness b = 10mm
350
Flange thickness = 20mm
Depth of web
d = 350-2x20=310mm
Shear Force F= 40,000 N
Moment of inertia of the section about neutral axis=I

150350 140310
3 3
I=   535937500 347561666.6
12 12

I  188375833.4mm 4

2
F B 2 bd
 max  [ (D  d ) 
2
]
Ib 8 8
 40000 150 10  310 2
 max  [ (350  310 ) 
2 2
]
188375833.4 10 8 8

 max  13.06 N / mm 2

Shear Stress distribution in Flange section

F D 2 a t y = D /2  f  0
f ( y )
2

2I 4
2 2
F D d
at y  d / 2  f  (  )
2I 4 4
 2 2
40000 350 310
f  (  )
2 188375833.4 4 4

 f  0.7007 N / mm 2

Shear Stress distribution in web section

Maximum shear stress =13.06 Mpa
Shear stress at the junction of web and flange
F B
τ jwf   [( D 2  d 2 )]
8I b
 40000 150
τ jwf    (350  310 )
2 2

8 188375833.4 10
τ jwf  10.51N / mm 2

150
Τ=0
20 τ jwf  10.51N / mm2

N.A
10
350  max  13.06 N / mm 2

τ jwf  10.51N / mm2

Τ=0
Case Study 2
An ’I’ Section beam 350x200mm has a web thickness of
10mm and a flange thickness of 20mm. if the shear force
acting on the section is 200kN, Find the maximum shear
stress developed in the section and also sketch the shear
stress distribution across the section.
200

25

12.5
N.A 350
Case study 3
Determine the maximum and minimum shearing stress in the
web of the wide flange section in Fig. if V = 100 kN. Also,
compute the percentage of vertical shear carried only by the
web of the beam.
.
First step Find the Position of Neutral axis:
20050(20025) 50200100
Y 162.5mm
2005050200

200 200

50 50
87.5

N.A
200 200
162.5

50 50
 
F  A y
τf 
I b
Shear Stress at the junction of Flange and web

FAy 1000002005062.5
τf    2.76N/ mm2

I b 113.410 200
6

Shear Stress at the junction of web and Flange


F A y 1000002005062.5
τf   11.04N/ mm2

I b 113.410 50
6
 
F  A y
Shear Stress at neutral axis τ w 
I b

 (2005062.5)(5037.5)(37.5 )
Ay  2 660.210 mm
3 3

113.410 50
6


FAy 100000
τN.A   660.210 11.64N/ mm
3 2

I b 113.410 50
6
 200
 min  0
87.5
50  jwf 11.04
 jfw 2.76
N.A  m ax  1 1 .6 4N.A
200
162.5

50  min  0
Case Study4
A beam has cross-section as shown in Fig. If the shear force
acting on this is 25 kN, draw the shear stress distribution
diagram across the depth.

120
 min  0
12
34.42 Τjfw=2.9 Τjwf=29

N.A Τmax=31.17 N.A

108
85.58

12  min  0
Case Study5
An L section 10mmx2mm as shown in fig. is subjected to a
shear force of F. Find the value of shear force F if max shear
stress developed is 5MPa.

10
10

2
3.23 2

N.A
8
8
6.77

2
2
 10  2 11  2  8  4
Y   6.77mm
36

Y=6.77mm from the bottom

10  23
Ixx1   (10  2)(9  6.77) 2  106.12mm 4
12

28 3
Ixx2   (2  8)(4  6.77)  208.09mm
2 4

12

Ixx  Ixx1  Ixx2  106.12  208.09  314.21mm 4

 Maximum Shear stress occur at N.A

F  A y
Shear Stress at neutral axis τ w 
I b
 1.23
A×y = (10  2)  (9  6.77)  (2  (8  6.77)) 
2

A×y  46.11mm 3

F 46.11
5  F  68.14N
314.212
Case Study 6
Case study
Determine the maximum and minimum shearing stress in the web
of the wide flange section in Fig. if V = 100 kN. Also, compute the
percentage of vertical shear carried only by the web of the beam.
 Τ=0
fmin=23.55

f avg

fmax=30.52

2
f avg  f mim  ( f max  f min )
3