Oct 29, 2014 satellite communication

➢ Introduction
➢ Working
➢ Types of satellites
➢ ISL (Inter Satellite Links)
➢ Routing
➢ Operation
➢ Applications
➢ Recent developments
➢ Conclusion
➢ Questions

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 What is
satellite

 A satellite is simply any body that

moves around another (usually much
larger) one in a mathematically
predictable path called an orbit
 A communication satellite is a
microwave repeater station in space that
is used for telecommunication , radio
and television signals
 The first man made satellite with radio
transmitter was in 1957
 There are about 750 satellites in the
space, most of them are used for
communication

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Communication satellites
bring the world to you
anywhere and any time…..

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 Working…
Two Stations on Earth want to communicate through
radio broadcast but are too far away to use conventional
repeater.
The two stations can use a satellite as a relay station for
their communication
One Earth Station transmits the signals to the satellite.
Up link frequency is the frequency at which Ground
Station is communicating with Satellite
The satellite Transponder converts the signal and sends
it down to the second earth station. This frequency is
called a Downlink frequency

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Oct 29, 2014 Wired satellite
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Wireless Satellite communication sysytem

Inter Satellite Link

(ISL)
Mobile User
Link MUL
Gateway
(MUL) Link (GWL) GWL

small cells
(spotbeams)

base station
or
footprint gateway

ISDN PSTN GSM

PSTN: Public Switched User data

Telephone Network

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 Types of Orbits
Geosynchronous
● Same rotational velocity as earth
● Maintains position relative to earth
● Altitude - 35 786 km
● Velocity - 11 300 km/hr

Asynchronous
● Much lower altitude = much higher velocity
● Position over earth constantly changing

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 Types of orbits…

GEO: ~ 36000 km from

the earth
MEO: 6000 - 20000 km
LEO: 500 - 1500 km
HEO: Highly Elliptical Orbit,
elliptical orbits
Difficulties from radiation
belts.

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 Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO)
Objects in Geostationary orbit revolve around the earth at the same
speed as the earth rotates

This means GEO satellites remain in the same position relative to

the surface of earth

Because of the long distance from earth it gives a large coverage

area, almost a fourth of the earth’s surface

But, this distance also cause it to have both a comparatively weak

signal and a time delay in the signal, which is bad for point to point
communication.

High transmit power needed and launching of satellites to orbit are

complex and expensive.

Not useful for global coverage for small mobile phones and data
transmission, typically used for radio and TV transmission
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s lit
How to connect internet ?

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Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
MEO satellites have a larger coverage
area than LEO satellites

A MEO satellite’s longer duration of

visibility and wider footprint means fewer
satellites are needed in a MEO network
than a LEO network

A MEO satellite’s distance gives it a longer

time delay and weaker signal than a LEO
satellite, though not as bad as a GEO
satellite
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 Low Earth Orbit (LEO)
LEO satellites are much closer to the earth
than GEO satellites, ranging from 500 to
1,500 km above the surface
LEO satellites don’t stay in fixed position
relative to the surface, and are only visible
for 15 to 20 minutes each pass
A network of LEO satellites is necessary
for LEO satellites to be useful
Handover necessary from one satellite to
another
Need for routing

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 Operation of satellite

Transmission

Receptiom

Low Noise conveter

Polarization Tuner
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 Fairing

MESSENGER
spacecraft

Third stage
motor

P a ylo a dattach
Second stage fitting Spin table

\ .- Third stage motor

separation clamp band

F irst s t a g e Guidance electronics

iniskirt and support truss
Helium spheres
Nitrogen sphere
Interstage
Wiring tunnel

!} Fuel tank
Centerbody section
Oxidizer tank
Fairing

f) Fairing access
c::D door

[Link]r
Solid-fue l boosters (9)

cC
> Delta II rocket with MESSENGER
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Recent development

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Recent development
development

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Recent development

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Recent development

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Development Lab….

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 Conclusions…
Satellite systems are not aimed to replace
terrestrial system but at complementing them
GEO’s are ideal for TV and Radio broadcasting
and they do not need handover because of its
larger footprint.
Lifetime of GEO’s are rather high, about 15
years
LEO’s need a network of satellites and are
appropriate for voice communications
In LEO’s handover is frequent and routing
is must
MEO’s are in between LEO’s and GEO’s in every
aspect
 References
1. Jochen H. Schiller “Mobile communications-second
edition”
2. Ivan Stojmenovic “Handbook of Wireless Networks
and Mobile Computing”
3. Peter T. S. Tam, John C. S. Lui, H. W. Chan, Cliff
Cliff N. Sze, and C. N. Sze, “An optimized routing
scheme and a channel reservation strategy for a low
earth orbit satellite system”
4. [Link]/images
5. [Link]
0-479
6. [Link]
11795
Have u any query
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