Chapter 2
The Internet and
World Wide Web
Kintu Moses
0774-193008/0704-928298
Chapter 2 Objectives
Explain how to access and
connect to the Internet Explain how e-mail, FTP, newsgroups
and message boards, mailing lists, chat rooms,
and instant messaging work
Explain how to view pages and search
for information on the Web
Identify the rules of netiquette
Describe the types of Web sites
Identify the steps required
for Web publishing
Describe the types of e-commerce
Next
The Internet
What are some services found on the Internet?
1. E-mail 4. Chat
2. Web 5. Message board
3. File transfer 6. Instant messaging
(1)
(3) (5)
(4)
(2) (6)
p. 48 Fig. 2-1 Next
The Internet
How did the Internet originate?
ARPANET
Networking project by
Pentagon’s Advanced
Research Projects
Goal: Agency (ARPA) Goal:
To allow scientists To function if
at different part of network
locations to share were disabled
information
Became
functional
September 1969
p. 48 Next
The Internet
How has the Internet grown?
Today
More than 150 million host nodes
1984
More than 1,000 host nodes
1969
Four host nodes
p. 48 Next
The Internet
Who controls the Internet?
No one — it is a public, cooperative, and
c c
independent network
Several organizations set standards
World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C)
Oversees research, sets
standards and guidelines
p. 49 Next
How the Internet Works
How can you connect to the Internet?
Slow-speed High-speed
technology connection
Dial-up access Digital subscriber line (DSL),
modem in your cable telephone Internet
computer uses a services (CATV), cable modem
standard telephone line
provide connections using
to connect to the Internet
regular copper telephone lines
Connection must be established Connection is always on—
each time you log on. whenever the computer
Slow but inexpensive is running
p. 49 Next
How the Internet Works
What are ways to access the Internet?
1. ISP, regional or national
2. OSP (AOL and MSN, for example)
3. Wireless Internet Service Provider
p. 50 Next
How the Internet Works
How might data travel the Internet using a
telephone line connection?
Step 5. Regional
Step 1. Step 3. Data ISP uses leased
Request travels lines to send data
data through to a national ISP
from a Step 4. Data
telephone
server on passes
lines to a
Internet through
local ISP
routers Step 6.
Step 2. Modem
converts digital National ISP
signals to analog routes data
signals across the
country
Step 8. Server
sends data Step 7.
back to you National ISP
passes data to
local ISP
p. 50 Fig. 2-2 Next
How the Internet Works
What is a domain name?
Text version of Internet protocol (IP) address
Number that uniquely identifies
each computer or device
connected to Internet
p. 51 Figs. 2-3 – 2-4 Next
The World Wide Web
What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?
A worldwide collection of electronic documents
Also called the Web
Each electronic document is called a Web page
Can contain text, graphics, sound, video, and built-in connections
A Web site is a collection of related Web pages
p. 52 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a Web browser?
Program that allows you to view Web pages
Microsoft
Internet Netscape
Explorer
Mozilla
p. 52 Next
The World Wide Web
How can you establish a connection and start the
Web browser?
Step 2.
If necessary,
connect to the
Internet
Step 1.
Click the Web browser
program name Step 3.
Connection to the
Internet occurs, and a
home page displays
p. 53 Fig. 2-5 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a home page?
The first page that a Web site presents
Often provides connections to other Web pages
What is downloading?
The process of a computer receiving information
Depending upon connection speed, downloading can
take from a few seconds to several minutes
p. 54 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a URL?
Unique address for a
Web page
A web server delivers
the Web page to
your computer
p. 54 Fig. 2-6 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a hyperlink (link)?
Built-in connection to another related
Web page location
Item found elsewhere
on same Web page
Different Web page
at same Web site
Web page at a different
Web site
p. 54 Next
The World Wide Web
How can you recognize links?
Pointer changes to a small hand
when you point to
a link
A link can be text
or an image
Text links are
usually underlined
and in a different
color
p. 55 Fig. 2-7 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a search engine?
Program used to find
Web sites and Web
pages by entering
words or phrases
called search text
p. 55 Fig. 2-8 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a hit?
Any Web site name that is listed as the result of a search
Step 2.
Select type of
search you want
to run
Step 1. Go to search engine Step 3. View hits
Step 4.
Click
link to view
Web site
p. 56 Fig. 2-9 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a subject directory?
Search tool with organized set of topics and subtopics
Lets you find information by clicking links rather than
entering keywords
p. 57 Next
The World Wide Web
What are the eight basic types of Web sites?
Portal
Offers a variety of services
from one, convenient
location, usually for free
News
Informational
Business/marketing
Educational
Entertainment
Advocacy
Personal
Click to view animation
p. 57 Fig. 2-10 Next
The World Wide Web
What is multimedia?
Application integrating text with other media elements
Graphics
Animation
Audio
Video
Virtual reality
p. 60 Fig. 2-12 Next
The World Wide Web
What is a thumbnail?
Small version of a larger graphic image—used to
improve Web page display time
Usually click
on thumbnail to
display larger
image
p. 60 Next
The World Wide Web
What is animation?
Appearance of motion created by
displaying a series of still images
in sequence
p. 60 Next
The World Wide Web
What is audio?
Music, speech, or any other sound
Individual compressed sound files
that you download from the Web to
your computer
Once downloaded, you can play
(listen to) the contents of the files
p. 61 Fig. 2-13 Next
The World Wide Web
What is streaming audio?
Transfers data in a continuous and even flow
Enables you to listen
to the sound as it downloads to your computer
Radio stations use streaming audio to broadcast over
the Web
p. 61 Next
The World Wide Web
What is video?
Consists of full-motion images with sound
played back at various speeds
MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group)
is popular video compression
standard
p. 61 Next
The World Wide Web
What is virtual reality (VR)?
Use of computers to simulate real or imagined
environment
Appears as a three dimensional (3-D) space
Used for games and many
practical applications
p. 62 Next
The World Wide Web
What are plug-ins?
Programs that
extend the
capability of
a browser
You can
download many
plug-ins at no
cost from various
Web sites
p. 62 Fig. 2-14 Next
The World Wide Web
What is e-commerce?
Short for electronic commerce
Business transaction that occurs over
the Internet
Business to consumer (B2C)
Sale of goods to general public
Consumer to consumer (C2C)
One consumer sells directly to another
Business to business (B2B)
Business providing goods and
services to other businesses
p. 62 Fig. 2-15 Next
Other Internet Services
What is e-mail?
Short for electronic mail
The transmission of messages and files via a computer
network
Messages can consist of simple text or can contain attachments,
such as documents, graphics, or audio/video clips
Internet access providers usually provide an e-mail program
p. 64 Next
Other Internet Services
How do you send an e-mail message?
Step 2.
Step 1. Click the New Mail Message button
Start an e-mail
program
(Microsoft
Outlook, for
example)
Step 3.
Enter the recipient’s
e-mail address, the
subject, and the
message
Step 5.
The recipient opens the
message Step 4.
Click the Insert file button if
you want to attach a picture, for
p. 64 Fig. 2-16 example, and click Send Next
Other Internet Services
What is an e-mail address?
Unique name that consists of a user name and domain
name that identifies the user
p. 65 Fig. 2-17 Next
Other Internet Services
How does an e-mail message travel?
Step 1.
Using e-mail
software, you
create and send
message
Step 2.
Your software
contacts software Step 4.
on your ISP’s When recipient uses
outgoing mail e-mail software to check
server for e-mail messages, the
message transfers from
incoming mail server to
recipient’s computer
Step 3.
Software on outgoing mail server
determines best route for data and sends
message, which travels along Internet
p. 66 Fig. 2-18 Next
routers to recipient’s incoming mail server
Other Internet Services
What is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol—Internet standard that allows
you to upload and download files with other computers
on the Internet
p. 66 Next
Other Internet Services
What are newsgroups and message boards?
Newsgroup
Online area where users discuss a particular subject
Message board
Type of discussion group
Many Web sites use
message boards
because they are
easier to use
p. 67 Fig. 2-19 Next
Other Internet Services
What is a mailing list?
Group of e-mail addresses given a single name
When a message is sent to the mailing list, everyone
on the list receives the message
To add your name to a mailing list you must subscribe
to it; to remove your name you must unsubscribe
p. 67 Next
Other Internet Services
What is a chat?
Real-time typed conversation
that takes place on a computer
Chat room is location on
server that permits users
to discuss topics of interest
p. 68 Fig. 2-20 Next
Other Internet Services
What is instant messaging (IM)?
A real-time Internet communications service that notifies you when
one or more people are online and allows you to exchange messages or
files
Step 2.
The server determines if any of your
Step 1. established friends, family, or
Login to the IM coworkers, called buddies, are online
server
IM Server
Step 3.
You send instant
messaging Server
messages to an
online buddy
Step 4.
Your Instant Message travels
through a messaging server and
then to the online buddy
p. 69 Fig. 2-21 Next
Netiquette
What is netiquette?
Code of acceptable behaviors users should follow while
on the Internet
Golden Rule: Treat others as
you would like them to treat you.
p. 70 Next
Web Publishing
What is Web publishing?
Development and maintenance of Web pages
Step 2.
Step 1. Analyze and
Plan the design the
Web site Web site
Step 3.
Create the
Web site
Step 5.
Maintain
the Web site
Step 4.
Deploy the
Web site
p. 70 Fig. 2-23 Next
Summary of the Internet and World Wide Web
History of the Internet
Other Internet services
How to access and connect
to the Internet
Netiquette
The World Wide Web
Web publishing
Electronic commerce
Chapter 2 Complete
