Seminar On

ANDROID
OPERATING
SYSTEM
Submitted By

Mukil Rameshan
4SO07IS027

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 CONTENTS
1. Smartphone OS
2. Introduction
3. What is Android?
4. Software Stack
5. Android Architecture
6. Features
7. Dalvik Virtual Machine
8. Application Framework
9. Android Market
10. Software Updates
11. Compatibility
12. Applications
13. Reference Links

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 YUMMY DESSERTS!
• Cupcake
• Donuts
• Éclair
• Frozen Yoghurt (Froyo)
• Gingerbread

What do these have in common?

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 SMARTPHONE OS
• Symbian
• Windows Mobile
• Blackberry OS
• Apple iOS
• Google Android
• Palm WebOS
• Windows Phone 7

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 INTRODUCTION
• Acquired by Google in 2005
• Fastest growing mobile OS
• Over 300,000 Android activations a day
• Android overtook iOS as the dominant OS in US in 2010
• First phone launched HTC G1 in 2008
• Currently an OS of choice for Motorola, HTC, Samsung, Sony
Ericsson, among others
• Software updates every few months

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 ANDROID – WHAT IS IT?
• Software stack for mobile devices
– incl. OS, middleware and key applications
• Open source – source code is open and contributions are welcome
• Application framework enables reuse/replacement of apps
• Dalvik as virtual machine
• Integrated browser based on webkit(Layout Engine)
• Optimized graphics – 2D graphics library, 3D based on OPEN GL ES
• SQLite for data storage
• Media support (MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AAC, JPG, PNG,…)
• Support for radio interfaces, Bluetooth, WiFi, Camera, GPS, accelerometer
• Software Development Kit (SDK)
• Preinstalled applications from Google (GMS)
– Gmail, Maps, Search, Voice Search, Youtube

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 SOFTWARE STACK
• Linux kernel
• Libraries
• Android run time
– core libraries
– Dalvik virtual machine
• Application layer
• Application protocol

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 ANDROID
ARCHITECTURE

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 LINUX KERNEL
• Works as a HAL
• Memory management
• Process management

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LIBRARIES
• C/C++ libraries
• Interface through Java
• Surface manager – Handling UI Windows
• 2D and 3D graphics
• Media codecs, SQLite, Browser engine

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ANDROID RUNTIME
• Dalvik VM
– Dex files
– Compact and efficient than class files
– Limited memory and battery power
• Core Libraries
– Java 5 Std edition
– Sets of Collections,
I/O etc…

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 APPLICATION
FRAMEWORK

• Provides API
• Activity manager – manages application
life cycle.

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APPLICATIONS

• Built in and user apps

• Can replace built in apps

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 ANDROID FEATURES
• Google Maps and other applications
• Background services and applications
– allows multi tasking of applications
• Shared Data and interprocess communication
• All applications are equal
– does not have priority among applications
– allows the applications to be enhanced/reused
• p2p interdevice application messaging

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 DALVIK VIRTUAL
MACHINE
• All applications written in Java and converted to the dalvik
executable .dex
• Every android app runs its own process, with its own instance
of the dalvik virtual machine
• Not a traditional JVM, but a custom VM designed to run
multiple instances efficiently on a single device
• VM uses Linux kernel to handle low-level functionality
including security, threading, process and memory
management

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 THE DALVIK RUNTIME IS
OPTIMIZED FOR MOBILE
APPLICATIONS

Run multiple VMs efficiently

Each app has its own VM

Minimal memory footprint

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 APPLICATIONS HAVING COMMON
STRUCTURE
An
An Activity
Activity Manager
Manager that
that
Views
Views such
such as
as lists,
lists, manages
manages the
the life
life cycle
cycle of
of
grids,
grids, text
text boxes,
boxes, applications
applications and
and provides
provides
buttons,
buttons, and
and even
even aa common
common navigation
navigation
an
an embeddable
embeddable backstack
backstack
web
web browser
browser
A
A Notification
Notification Manager
Manager
Content
Content that
that enables
enables all
all apps
apps toto
Providers
Providers that
that display
display custom
custom alerts
alerts in
in the
the
enable
enable status
status bar
bar
applications
applications toto
access
access data
data from
from
other
other applications
applications A
A Resource
Resource Manager,
Manager,
(such
(such as
as providing
providing access
access toto non-
non-
Contacts),
Contacts), oror to
to code
code resources
resources such
such asas
share
share their
their own
own localized
localized strings,
strings,
data
data graphics,
graphics, and
and layout
layout files
files
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 HAVING COMMON
STRUCTURE
Broadcast
Broadcast Activity
Activity isis the
the presentation
presentation
receivers
receivers can
can layer
layer of
of your
your app:
app: there
there will
will
trigger
trigger intents
intents that
that be
be one
one per
per screen,
screen, and
and the
the
start
start an
an application
application Views
Views provide
provide the
the UI
UI to
to the
the
activity
activity
Data
Data storage
storage
provide
provide data
data for
for Intents
Intents specify
specify what
what
your
your apps,
apps, and
and specific
specific action
action should
should be
be
can
can be
be shared
shared performed
performed
between
between apps
apps ––
database,
database, file,
file,
and
and shared
shared Services
Services run run in
in the
the
Bruc
preferences
preferences background
background and and have
havee
(hash
(hash map)
map) used
used no
no UI
UI for
for the
the user
user –– Scha
they rlau,
by
by group
group of
of they will
will update
update data,
data,
Univ
applications
applications and
and trigger
trigger events
events ersit
y of
Aber
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 ANDROID MARKET
• Part of Google Market
• 3rd party apps submitted to Google, approved and distributed
through Market
• Both Free and Paid apps
• Apps now limited to 50 MB; updates possible through Market
• Available in many countries, not all countries have support for
paid apps
• Other Market place applications available – Amazon has
announced its own Android Market place
• App searches filtered based on Manifest file (eg. if a device
does not have trackball, apps using trackball will be filtered out)
• Every app publishes a list of components the app will access
and permissions need to be granted before installation
• Apps installed on device and SD card (SD Card from Froyo)

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 SEARCH
• Core feature in android
• User should be able to search any data on device or
internet
• Usually one of the android buttons
• Search suggestions based on recent queries
• Provide custom search suggestions that match actual
results in application data
• System side Quick Search Box
• Voice Search available and enhanced in recent
releases

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 LOCATIONS & MAPS
• Compelling and most popular apps for mobile devices

• Google Maps provides free navigation

• Applications allowed access to location services supported by

device

• Google provides Maps external library

– allows built-in downloading, rendering and caching of

Maps, and other display options and controls

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 ANDROID SOFTWARE
UPDATES
• Android 1.1
• Android 1.5 – Cupcake
• Android 1.6 – Donuts (CDMA)
• Android 2.0 – Éclair
• Android 2.2 – Froyo
• Android 2.3 - Gingerbread
• Android 3 - Honeycomb
• API Levels used by apps to identify software version on
the device
• Android apps are generally forward compatible with
newer version, but not necessarily backwards
compatible

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 HOW IS ANDROID BETTER?
 When Android Compared with iPhone (Apple)
- Browsing
- Desktop
- Connectivity
- PC Connection
- Multi-notification
- Market
- Google Integration
- Open Source
- Open to carriers

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 COMPATIBILITY
• Why required?
– Allow customizable devices
• Android compatibility is free and easy
– Obtain Android source code
– List requirements that need to be met for devices
to be compatible with a particular version on
Android
– Pass the Compatibility Test Suite (CTS)
• Porting guide available for bringing up Android on
custom Hardware

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 OTHER POSSIBILITIES
• Google TV - a new platform based on Android
• Tablets – Samsung Galaxy tab introduced in Oct 2010
• eBook reader – Latest Barnes and Noble Nook is an
Android tablet

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 APPLICATIONS

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 Initial Screen Map Browser

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 CONCLUSION
 Android is open to all: industry, developers and users
 Participating in many of the successful open source
projects
 Aims to be as easy to build for as the web.
 Google Android is stepping into the next level of Mobile
Internet

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 REFERENCE LINKS
• [Link] [13/12/10]
• [Link] [27/12/10]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link] [17/01/11]
• [Link]
em)
[20/01/11]

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 Thank You!!!

SJEC
???
Department Of Information Science and Engineering 30