MACRO

PERSPECTIVE OF
TOURISM AND
HOSPITALITY
 Tourism and hospitality has been one of the
largest and fastest-growing industries in the
world.
 Itcontributes greatly to global economic
development, particularly in countries that
are leading in tourism and hospitality
revenues.
 Governments of many nations are
encouraging the growth of tourism and
hospitality as a means of job creation,
economic, diversification, and source of
foreign exchange.
 Tourismand Hospitality promotes mutual
understanding among people of different
Cultures.
 Tourism and Hospitality is fast becoming
the worlds first peace industry an industry
recognizes, promotes, and supports the
belief that every traveler and every host
can be an “ambassador for peace”
 The Relationship of
Tourism and Hospitality
The Tourism and Hospitality industries
strongly affect one another. Several
associations and industry leaders consider
the combined industries of tourism and
hospitality as one large industry. The
components of this large industry include:
(1) food and beverage services, (2) lodging
services, (3) recreation services, and (4)
travel-related ( tourism) services.
TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
COMPONENTS
 FOOD INDUSTRY
COMPONENTS

-Catering and
banquets
-F and B
services with LODGING INDUSTRY
other business Recreation,
- Clubs
- Restaurants Hospitality - Institution sports, and
separate entertainment
from other industry - Hotels/motels
component
business - Resorts
- Beverage - Convention hotels
establishmen
ts
- Institution
- clubs

TRAVEL
AGENCY
INDUSTRY

TRANSPORTATION
INDUSTRY

- Airline Industry TRAVEL AND TOUR

- Maritime industry TOURISM OPERATOR
- Ground
trasportation
 The Food and Beverage Component
The public looks for food and beverage
services everywhere – in hotels, motels,
airlines, airports, cruise ship trains and
shopping malls. There must be food
service available to them for breakfast,
lunch and dinner, and snacks.
 The Lodging Component
Lodging involves providing overnight or
even long-term services to guest. For many
people, lodging is a place to sleep. For
others lodging facilities not only provide
beds but also entertainment and
recreational facilities.
 Recreation and Entertainment
Component
 Entertainment originated from the
traditional duties of a host to entertain his
or her guest, whether they are neighbours
or travellers from other places
 Travel and Tourism Component
Travel and Tourism are used together as an
umbrella term to refer those businesses
that provide primary services to travellers.
These include not only food and beverage
services, lodging services recreation and
entertainment services, but also
transportation services, and the services of
travel agencies and tour operators.
 Transportation

the main purpose of transportation is to

make it possible for people to go from one
place to another. There are many ways to do
this, from primitive and simple to modern
and complex,. The common means of
transportation are automobiles recreation
vehicles (RVs), buses, trains, ships,
airplanes.
 Travel Agencies and Tour Operators
Travel agencies and tour operators are
modern additions to the travel and tourism
world. Both have become important in the
survival of many businesses in the tourism
and hospitality industry.
Professor Walter Hunziker
Bern University
 “Sum of the phenomena and relationships
arising from travel and stay nonresidents,
insofar as they do not lead to permanent
residence and are not connected to any
earning activity”
 The definition of the tourism society in
Britain was “ tourism is the temporary
short-term movement of people to
destinations outside the places where they
normally live and work and their activities
during their stay at these destinations.”
Thank5 CHARACTERISTICS OF
TOURISM you & God Bless
 Tourism is a combination of phenomena
and relationship
 The dynamic element or the “Journey” and
the static element or the “stay”
 The journey and the stay to-and-fro
destinations outside the place of residence
and work
 The movement to destination is temporary
and short-term, with the intention to
return within a few days, weeks, or months
 Destinations are visited for purposes not
connected with paid work, that is not to be
employed and not for business or vocational
reasons
DEFINITION OF HOSPITALITY

 The word “hospitality” is derived from the

latin word hospitare, which means “to
receive as a guest” This phrase implies that
a host is prepared to meet a guest’s basic
requirements while the guest is away from
home.
 Severalrelated words come from the same
Latin root including hospital, hospice and
hostel.
 Theprincipal meaning is a host who
receives, welcomes and cater the needs of
people who are temporary away from their
homes.
 MEANING OF TOURIST
 The League of nation (1937) defined
“tourist” as follows “A tourist is a person
who visits country other than that in which
he or she usually resides for a period of at
least 24 hrs.”
 In 1963, a united nations conference on
international Travel and Tourism
recommended a new definition of a
“visitor” as “any person visiting a country
other than that or earning money”
2 CLASSES OF VISITORS
 TOURIST – Temporary visitors staying at
least 24 hours, whose purpose could be
classified as.
Leisure, such as recreation, Holiday,
Health, Study, Religion, or sport:
Business
Family
Mission and
Meeting
 EXCURSIONIST – Temporary visitors staying
less than 24 hours in the destination and
not making an overnight stay, including
cruise travelers, but excluding travelers in
transit
ELEMENTS OF TRAVEL

4 basic elements have been used as criteria

for defining travelers and/or tourist
Distance
Length of stay at the destination
Residence of the traveler and
Purpose of travel
DISTANCE
 Distance is the difference between local
travel or travelling within a persons home
community and nonlocal travel or travelling
away from home. It excludes commuting to
and from work and change in residence
A measure that has been distinguish travel
away from home is the distance traveled on
a trip. A trip is defined as “each time a
person goes to a place at least 100 miles
away from home and returns”
LENGTH OF STAY AT THE DESTINATION

 Criteria for defining travelers is the length of stay at a destination. The

definition of tourists and excursionist as proposed by the WTO is largely based
on length of stay. Tourist are temporary visitors who make at least one
overnight stay, while excursionist are temporary visitors who do not stay
overnight in the country that they visit
RESIDENCE OF THE TRAVELER

 Theresidence or origin of the traveler is

the third basic element of travel. For
business and research purposes, it is
important to know where people live.
PURPOSE OF TRAVEL

 The fourth basic element is the purpose of travel. It can be

divided into seven (7)
Visiting Friends and relatives
Conventions, seminar, and meeting
Business
Outdoor recreation- hunting, fishing, boating, and camping
Entertainment- sightseeing, theater, and sport
Personal- family, medical, funeral, wedding
others
THE NATURE OF TOUR

 Toanalyze the nature of a tour

systematically , it will be helpful to
understand the difference between
DOMESTIC and INTERNATIONAL tourism, as
well as independent and package tour.
DOMESTIC TOURISM

 IT
refers to travel taken exclusively within
the national boundaries of the traveler’s
country. People find it easy to do so
because there are NO LANGUAGE,
CURRENCY, nor DOCUMENTATION barrier.
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

 Involves the movement of people across

international boundaries.
 Itis more difficult to travel outside one’s
country because the country visited has a
different language, currency and
documentation requirements, such as
passports, visas, and other conditions of
entry to be met by tourist
PACKAGE TOUR/INCLUSIVE TOUR

 Isan arrangement in which transport and

accommodation is bought by the tourist at
an all-inclusive price and the price of the
individual elements cannot be determined
by the tourist.
TOUR OPERATOR

 Organizesthe package tour purchases

transport and hotel accommodation id
advance
 Usually
obtaining these at lower price
because he or she is buying them in bulk
 Heor she then sells the tour individually to
tourists direct or through travel agents.
INDEPENDENT TOURIS

 Isan arrangement in which the tourist buys

these facilities separately,
 Either making reservation in advance
through a travel agent or en route during
his or her tour.
 Tourist
purchasing package tours may do so
on the basis of INDIVIDUAL or GROUP
TRAVEL
INDEPENDENT INCLUSIVE TOUR

 Isone in which the tourist travels to his or

her destination individually
GROUP INCLUSIVE TOUR

 Heor she travels in the company of the

other tourist.
 INDIVIDUAL INCLUSIVE TOUR – IIT

 GROUP INCLUSIVE TOUR - GIT

TOURIST PRODUCT

 TOURIST PRODUCT CONSIST OF WHAT THE

TOURIST BUY.
 Itis a combination of what the tourist does
at the destination and the service he or she
uses his or her stay.
CHARACTERISTIC OF TOURIST PRODUCT

SERVICE

 It is an intangible item.
 The purchase of a package tour involves a
high degree of trust on the part of the
buyer.
CHARACTERISTIC OF TOURIST PRODUCT

LARGELY PSYCHOLOGICAL IN ITS ATTRACTION

 Itis more than a collection of services such
as aircraft seat and a hotel room.
 Itis the temporary use of a strange
environment plus the culture and heritage
of the region and other intangible benefits
such as atmosphere and hospitality.
CHARACTERISTIC OF TOURIST PRODUCT

TENDS TO VARY IN STANDARD AND QUALITY

OVER TIME
A package tour cannot be consistently of
equal
 Ex.
A bumpy flight can change an enjoyable
experience into a nightmare
CHARACTERISTIC OF TOURIST PRODUCT

FIXED
 Thenumber of hotel rooms available at a
particular resort cannot be changed to
meet the changing demands of tourist
during particular season.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

 Itis a geographical unit where the tourist

visits and stays
 The success of a tourist destination
depends upon the interrelationship of three
basic factors
Attraction
Amenities or facilities
accessibilities
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

ATTRACTION
 May be site or attractions.
A SITE ATTRACTION is one in which the
destination itself has appeal
 While EVEN ATTRACTION is one in which
tourist attraction drawn to the destination
solely because of what is taking place there.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

SITE ATTRACTION
 Country
 Geographical region
EVENT ATTRACTION
 Congresses
 Exhibitions
 festivals
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

 Attraction may also be NATURAL or MAN-

MADE
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

NATURAL ATTRACTION
 Include mountains, beaches, and climatic
features as sunshine or pure air.
MAN-MADE ATTRACTION
 Itinclude buildings of historical or
architectural interest.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

AMENITIES or FACILITIES
 Includeaccommodation, food, local
transport communications, and
entertainment at the site
 However its potential for tourism will be
limited unless the basic amenities which a
tourist requires are provided.
THE TOURIST DESTINATION

ACCESSIBILITY
 Having convenience of transport in terms of
time/distance to the destination from the
originating country at a reasonable price.