HYDRAULICS REVIEW

Calculate the pressure difference, in Pascals, from the top of

a house to the ground if the distance is 10 m.

a. 98.1 c.120

b. 136 d. 80
 
Solution:
p = δΔh
δ(air) = 12 N/m3
p = 12 N/m3 (10 m - 0)
p = 120 Pa
 Water stands on both sides of the 2.40 m long rectangular gate
AB shown hinged at A.
Calculate the force caused by the water
3.20 deep water
on the left on the
side ofgate.
the gate.

a.122.90 kN
a.366.30 [Link]
c. 386.30 142.90 kN

b. 296.30
132.90 kN d. kN
d. 306.30 152.90 kN
w.s.
Solution:
52ᵒ
1.50 m P = δhA
w.s. h1 A w.s.
P1 = 9.81(3.10)(4.06)(2.40)
P1 h2
1.50 m P1 = 296.30 kN
3.20 m A y1 w.s.
c.g.
P2 = 9.81(1.60)(4.06)(2.40)
B 52ᵒ P2 P2 = 152.90 kN
3.20 m
2.50 m
c.g

B
1
e

c.p
.
2
e

2.50 m
 w.s.
How far is the force of water
on the deeper side from the
52ᵒ
1.50 m centroid of the gate.
h1 A w.s.
h2 a.0.20 m c. 0.50 m
P1

y1
3.20 m b. 0.35 m d. 0.65 m
c.g.

B
Solution:
52ᵒ P2

2.50 m

c.g
1
e
.
c.p
.
e1 = 0.35 m
2
e

e2 = 2.03 – 1.35

e2 = 0.68 m
How far is the force of water on the other side from the
centroid of the gate.

a.0.38 m c. 0.68 m

b. 0.48 m d. 0.88 m
 Water flows through an almost level channel 3 m wide at 12 m3/s.
The depth gradually increases from 1.0m to 1.10 m for a length
of flow of 5 m.

What is the head lost in meters? Solution:

d1 + V12/2g = d2 + V22/2g + HL
a.0.06 c. 0.04
V1 = 12 / 1 (3) = 4 m/s
b. 0.07 d. 0.02 V2 = 12 / 1.1 (3) = 3.64 m/s
1 + (4)2/2(9.81) = 1.10 + (3.64)2/2(9.81) + HL
HL = 0.04 m
 Solution:

What is the slope of the energy grade line? SLOPE = HL / L

SLOPE = 0.04/5
a.0.012 c. 0.008
SLOPE = 0.008
b. 0.014 d. 0.004 Using Manning’s Equation:
Vave = 1/n (Rave)2/3 S1/2
What is the value of roughness coefficient?
R = A/P
a.0.009 c. 0.011 R1 = 1(3)/3 + 2(1) = 0.60 m
R2 = 1.1(3)/3 + 2(1.1) = 0.63 m
b. 0.017 d. 0.013 Rave = 0.615 m
 
3.82 = 1/n (0.615)2/3 (0.008)1/2 n = 0.017
A container holds two layers of different liquids, one liquid having an
sg of 1.20 is 200mm deep and the other having an s.g. of 1.50 is 250
mm deep. A solid spherical metal having a diameter of 225 mm and an
sg of 7.40 is submerged in such a manner that half of the sphere is on
the top layer and the other half in the bottom layer of the liquids.
  Compute the buoyant force (N) acting
T on the object.
a. 65 c.79
b. 90 d. 85
Solution:
s.g. = 1.20
W B.F. = 1.50(9810)(2/3)π (0.225/2)3
s.g. = 1.50 + 1.20(9810)(2/3) π (0.225/2)3
B.F. = 79 N

T + BF = W
BF Compute the tension (N) in the wire
holding the sphere to maintain its T + 79 = 7.40(9810)(4/3) π
position. (0.225/2)3
a. 362 c.375
b. 349 d. 354 T = 354 N
Water is supplied to a 75 mmФ nozzle under a
head of 46m. C = Cv = 0.97 . base
input output
tip

Compute the velocity of the jet in m/s. D = 0.075 m

a. 20.20 c. 26.10 C = Cv = 0.97
b. 23.20 d. 29.10 Solution:
 
Compute the head loss in the nozzle in m.
a. 0.54 c. 2.18
b. 1.62 d. 2.728
What is the efficiency of the nozzle? V = 29.14 m/s
a. 88 % c. 94 %
b. 91 % d. 97 % HLn = E (1- CV2)
HLn = 46 (1-0.972)
HLn = 2.72 m

Eff. = 94.09 %
An open vessel 0.46 m in diameter, 0.60 m high and full of
water is rotated about its axis at such a velocity that the water
surface 100 mm from the axis makes an angle of 40ᵒ with the
horizontal.
 
Compute the depth of the paraboloid formed.
a. 0.22 m c. 0.34 m
b. 0.28 m d. 0.40 m

How many liters of water are lost?

a. 18 c. 28
b. 23 d. 33

Compute the speed of rotation.

a. 9.03 rad/s c. 11.23 rad/s
b. 10.19 rad/s d. 12.18 rad/s

Solution: Vlost = ½ π (0.23)2(0.22)

V lost = 0.018 m3

y = 0.22 m
In a fire fighting system, a pipeline with a pump leads to a 75 mm Ф
nozzle as shown. The pump develops a head of 24 m. The head loss in
the suction pipe is five times its velocity head and the head loss in the
discharge pipe is 12 times its velocity head.
 
Calculate the discharge in m3/s. Determine the
Determine the power
power ofdelivered
the jet
a. 0.057 c. 0.039 to kW.
in the water by the pump in hp.
b. 0.066 d. 0.048 a. 1.27
a. 18 c. 2.30
c. 12.30
  b. 1.50
b. 20.80 d. 15.10
1.85
 
Power = δQHA
P = 9810(0.039)(24)/746
P (pump)= 12.31 hp
P(jet) = 9.81 (0.039)( 8(0.039) 2/
𝜋2(9.81)(0.075) 4 )
Solution: P (jet) = 1.52 kW
B.E.E FROM A-B
VA 2/2g + pA/δ + zA + HA = VB 2 /2g + pB/δ + zB +HL
Q = 0.039 m3/s
V2/2g = 8𝑄 2/ 𝜋2(𝑔)(𝐷) 4
An irrigation canal with trapezoidal cross sections has the following
dimensions: Bottom width = 2.0 m, depth of water = 0.90 m, side slope = 1.5H to
1V, slope of the canal bed = 0.001 and coefficient of roughness = 0.025. The
canal will serve clay loam riceland for which the duty of water per hectare is 3
Liters/sec. Using Manning’s Formula:
 
Determine the hydraulic radius of the canal in meter (s).
a. 0.432 c. 0.501
b. 0.242 d. 0.575
The velocity of water in m/sec.
a. 0.308 c. 0.652
b. 0.479 d. 0.874
Number of hectares served by the irrigation canal.
a. 897 c. 978
b. 879 d. 789
A mercury barometer at the base of the mountain reads 745 mm. At the same
time, another barometer at the top of the mountain reads 675 mm. Assuming
air weighs 12 N/m3.
 
What is the absolute pressure at the top of the mountain?
a. 86.65 kPa c. 88.992 kPa
b. 87.478 kPa d. 90.056 kPa

What is the absolute pressure at the base of the mountain?

a. 99.395 kPa c. 98.243 kPa
b. 97.028 kPa d. 100.021 kPa

What is the approximate height of the mountain?

a. 778 m c. 976 m
b. 888 m d. 1110 m

Solution:
p1 = 13.6(9.81)(0.675) p2 = 13.6(9.81)(0.745) p2 = p1 + δh
p1 = 90.056 kPa p2 = 99.395 kPa 99.395 = 90.056 + 0.012 (h)
h = 778 m
The conical part of the tank shown is surmounted by the cylindrical main.
 
Compute the time needed to empty the cylindrical part of the tank.
a. 2150 s c. 2850 s
b. 2500 s d. 3200 s

Compute the time needed to empty the conical part of the tank.
a. 261 s c. 957 s
b. 610 s d. 1306 s
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