Current,
Voltage and
Resistance
CURRENT
Current is defined as a measure of how much electric
charge flows through a circuit.
The more charge that flows, the bigger the current.
The symbol used for current is I because early scientists
thought about the intensity of the electricity in a wire.
The formula for current is current = charge/time,
it is also written as
𝑞
𝐼=
𝑡
One ampere is equivalent to a coulomb per second (1A= 1
C/s).
CURRENT
The unit used to measure the
amount of electric current is in
amperes.
It is named after Andre Marie
Ampere.
He is a French physicist who
founded and named the science of
electrodynamics, now known as
electromagnetism. (J.B.
CURRENT
Example Problem 1: Compute for the current produced by a +4.5
charge moving in 18 seconds.
Given: 𝑞
Q = +4.5 C 𝐼=
T = 18 s 𝑡
I=?
+4.5 x 10 18 C
𝐼=
18 𝑠
𝐼=2.5 x1017 A
VOLTAGE
Voltage is the pressure from an electrical circuit's power
source that pushes charged electrons (current) through a
conducting loop, enabling them to do work such as
illuminating a light.
Voltage is also known as electromotive force (emf) or
potential difference.
Voltage can be computed using the formula, v
The unit for voltage is volt (v)
RESISTANCE
Resistance is a measure of the
opposition to current flow in an
electrical circuit.
Resistance is measured in ohms,
symbolized by the Greek letter
omega (Ω).
Ohms are named after Georg Simon
Ohm (1784-1854), a German
physicist who studied the
relationship between voltage, current
and resistance. He is credited for
formulating Ohm's Law.
RESISTANCE
According to Mazur, all materials resist current flow to some
degree. They fall into one of two broad categories:
1. Conductors: Materials that offer very little
resistance where electrons can move easily.
Examples: silver, copper, gold and aluminum.
2. Insulators: Materials that present high
resistance and restrict the flow of electrons.
Examples: Rubber, paper, glass, wood and
plastic.
Factors that Affect Resistance
1. The length, L of the material 2. The cross-sectional area, A of the material.
The resistance R of the wire is directly The resistance R of a wire is inversely
proportional to the length of the wire : proportional to the area of cross-section A of
R∝L the wire as: R ∝ 1/A.
The longer material is the greater the Therefore, larger areas offer less resistance.
resistance will be.
3. The temperature, T of the material. 4. The kind of material
The higher temperatures usually result in The characteristics resistance of a
higher resistances. material is given by its resistivity.
is a fundamental property of a material that
Electrical Resistivity
measures how strongly it resists electric current.
The relationship of resistance
(R) to length (l), cross-sectional
area and resistivity ( ρ) is given
as,
R
=m
The unit of resistivity is ohm-meters (Ω − m).
Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s law, discovered and named after Georg Ohm, states
the relationship between voltage, current and resistance of a
conductor.
This is important in designing electrical and electronic
circuits in order ensure that the voltages and currents in the
components stay within specs.
Ohm’s states that Voltage is directly proportional to the
electric current and the resistance. In an equation, it written
as
V
Voltage is equal to the current multiplied by the resistance.
Current, measured
Voltage, in Amps, A
measured in
Volts, V
V=IR Resistance,
measured in
Ohms, Ω
Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law Examples…
If you want to find Voltage in Volts:
V = IR
If I= 2 A and R = 5 Ohms
Then, V= (2A)(5Ω) = 10 V
Ohm’s Law Examples…
If you want to find Resistance in Ohms:
R=V/I
If V = 9 Volts and I = 4 A
Then R = 9 V/ 4A = 2.25 Ω
Ohm’s Law Examples…
If you want to find Current in Amps:
I=V/R
If V= 140 V and R = 2Ω
Then, I = 140V/ 2Ω = 70 A
Electric Circuit
An electric circuit is a conducting loop which a current can transfer electrical
energy from suitable source to a useful load.
Electric Circuit
The essential components of an electric
circuit:
1. A source or supply to provide the voltage
needed to force current through the circuit.
2. Conductors through which the current
can travel.
3. A load is a device that converts electrical
energy into some other useful form.
Different loads have different amounts of
resistance.
4. A control device or switch which
continues or discontinues the
flow of electric current through the circuit.
Activity
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[Link]
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Thank you very much!
Diana D. Tobias
Subject Teacher
