DEPARTMENT OF ELECRONICS AND
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING COLLEGE OF
TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
MPUAT , UDAIPUR
FOUR WEEKS SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATION
On
“RADIO TRANSMISSION AND HANDLING (IMS) –
BROADCASTING ENGINEERING”.
presented by
Presented to
TANVI BHATNAGAR Dr. Navneet Agarwal
Under the guidance of
Mr. Nitin Pandya HEAD OF DEPARTMENT (ECE)
(Senior Station Engineer at
94.3 MYFM Udaipur)
\
Group Members along - FATIMA
PATWALAand AISHITA PRAKASH
INTRODUCTION
Major advances in the field of broadcasting communication and
IT during the last decade have had a great impact on the
information and broadcasting sector.
We successfully completed our 30 days training / internship
program.
“RADIO TRANSMISSION AND HANDLING (IMS) –
BROADCASTING ENGINEERING”.
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wherein we covered :- Radio transmission system – Radio studio
Communication blocks
Modern trends in broadcasting
Radio management software
Following implementation of our knowledge to launch a hands on project
“THE FLOATING PEACE STUDIO”.
All of the above was covered under PRACTICAL APPROACH AND DAILY
SITE VISIT.
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ABOUT THE COMPANY
94.3 MYFM launched its first station in Jaipur in May , 2006
followed by the launch of Udaipur station on 7th July 2007.
Moreover it is spread over 7 states having 30 stations in all.
It is the leading and most admired FM radio network in non-metro
cities.
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Why we chose commercial radio instead of
All India Radio?
Commercial radio provides latest and way better
infrastructure whereas AIR has an age old infrastructure
followed by tarnished rigid lines.
Commercial radio makes sure to have their hands on latest
technology whereas the AIR has all the technical
equipment back from 1950 .
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Commercial radio is majorly FM and AIR are AM.
Commercial radio station trained us via work exchange followed by 0
monetary transaction whereas the AIR charged around 8000 in order to
provide training.
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STUDIO PART
SERVER WRECK FOLLOWED BY BREAKUP BOX.
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LT distribution Panel and server wreck followed by
recovery studio and ON AIR studio.
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ON AIR STUDIO
The On Air studio comprises of an on air server ( live recording,
shows, logreport , advertisements ).
A sound card has been introduced to the server.
Input, output through sound card is connected to the console.
Which then merges to the sound mixer.
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Two mics are given as input to the console.
Two input for hotkeys.
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All of the above input go to the sub switch while the output go
to the PGM.
Apart from this a telco-module is also introduced followed by a
bypass server.
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Recovery studio
It performs site replication services.
It consists of analog consoles and recording infra.
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CTA Unit
Central Technical Area – It includes all the operational equipments
necessary for transmission.
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Volume unit meter panel – The VU Meter is used in audio equipments to
measure the intensity of sound in Volume Units (VU).
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ADDA Converter – It transforms analog audio signals , such as the
output of a preamp , into digital audio signals.
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Audio codec – It is a device or computer program capable of encoding or
decoding a digital data stream (a codec) that encodes or decodes audio.
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CTI Unit
Central Technical Infrastructure – It includes final transmission of
audio to listeners.
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FM modulation
Digigram IOR – A digigram card includes
analog inputs and outputs , along
with digital input and outputs.
STL IP - It uses professional grade
encoders designed for broadcast
and professional audio use.
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3DRX Audio switcher - he 3DRX can automatically switch to the secondary
digital input if the primary digital source fails (loss of lock, data error,
etc.) or loss of audio on the digital signal.
Omnia-6 Sound Processor - Omnia-6 is the world's first broadcast audio
processor to use a 96kHz sampling rate and 24-bit resolution. "Processing
at this sample rate produces stunningly clear, loud output quality“.
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Transmitter 5KV Wreck
• Controller Switch – this instrument is used to effectively control industrial
processes and protect equipment .
• Exciter - 1 : It translates one or more baseband input signals to the
desired output frequency and drives the power amplifier at the proper
level.
• Exciter - 2 : The exciter provides fully coherent receiver local oscillator
signals at radar frequency band as well as requisite, auxiliary high
frequency clock signals. The exciter function is divided into an internal
frequency synthesizer and an upconverter.
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• 5KV Amplifier Transistor - acts as an amplifier by raising the strength
of a weak signal.
• Controller for 1KV and 5KV Amplifier trans – Acts as a safety
equipment for 1KV and 5KV amplifier.
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1 KV Transmitter
Power Switches
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HOW RADIO WORKS?
ACCUMULATION AND WORKING
Radio works by transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves.
The radio signal is an electronic current moving back and forth very
quickly.
A transmitter radiates this field outward via an antenna; a receiver then
picks up the field and translates it to the sounds heard through the radio.
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Radio signal uses specific frequency, or how quickly the waves of the
field move up and down. Hertz is a measurement of the number of wave
cycles per second - AM is expressed in KiloHertz, while FM radio is
expressed in MegaHertz.
In FM (Frequency Modulation) radio, it is the speed (frequency) of the
signal that is changed. When we tune in our radio, the dial number
indicates the MegaHertz at which the signal is being broadcast.
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Radio Softwares
FL STUDIO - FL Studio allows the user to load instruments and
samples, play them live or manually enter the note data, record
external sounds (from a microphone for example) and play the
whole mix back through the mixer (adding effects).
VEGAS and FILMORA Version 10 - It is a video editing tool that helps
businesses create and edit professional videos on a centralized platform.
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RCS Zeta - Zetta is a modern enterprise piece of radio automation
software build by RCS, the worldwide leader in radio software, that
can ingest mp3, wav and AAC files, convert them to a default audio
format, automatically set the trim in, time out and segue points, and
nondestructively normalize all audio with pitchless stretch.
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Protection standby portable sound card - A sound card needs to convert
the bits from a computer. For going from the computer to speakers, a
Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) receives the train of bits from the
computer and transform it into a wave form. The DAC will take samples
from the bit train and create the shape of a wave from it. This wave
becomes the electric current to be sent to speakers.
What Benefits Does an External Sound Card Have?
[Link] installation
[Link] risk of shock
3. Small, compact and portable
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Live Boat Studio
We were given a project by our mentor under which we had to prepare
“A FLOATING PEACE STUDIO” on the occasion of “ MYFM 15TH
ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION”.
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We used the following components and assembled them accordingly to
create the set - up to broadcaste live from the boat studio :
Laptop – Major software like RCS Zeta
was operated through this.
Soundcard – For audio accommodation.
XLR Mic – cable – Used to take input.
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How to have the best Radio Studio?
There should be NO REFLECTION back .
Power factor should be maintained under 1.
Cooling of AC and transmitter should be ensured regularly.
Recovery Studio should be build heavily.
Power backup should be maximum.
24 hour engineer should be appointed at CTI Site to ensure proper
transmission.
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Future of Radio
The
rise in listening to radio and other audio services on connected devices is
also creating new commercial opportunities in the form of digital audio
advertising placed into streamed or downloaded audio content including
radio, on-demand music services, and podcasts. Radio operators are at
the forefront of the digital audio market, providing advertisers with
targeted audio ads in prestigious environments.
In the immediate future, audio is predicted to remain a vibrant and
exciting sector with interesting new developments in the pipeline such as
voice control moving into other locations (in-car and wearables); the rise
of dynamic creative within digital audio ads to stream the most pertinent
version of an ad to each individual listener
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