Fossil Fuels
PPT: JOHN ANDREW D. GAMBOA
EXPLANATION: GIEN FRANCESS QUIJANO
The three types of fossil fuels
are coal, oil, and natural gas.
Fossil fuels are the most commonly used
non-renewable resources.
Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will
run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimes—or
even in many, many lifetimes. Most non-renewable
energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and
natural gas. Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels.
Renewable energy is energy that comes from a
source that won't run out. They are natural and
self-replenishing, and usually have a low- or
zero-carbon footprint. Examples of renewable
energy sources include wind power, solar power,
bioenergy (organic matter burned as a fuel) and
hydroelectric, including tidal energy. But were
focusing on non-renewable energy first
FOSSIL FUELS
The energy in fossil fuels originally
came from the sun.
The sun provides energy to plants and the
plants use photosynthesis to help them
grow.
The ultimate source of the energy in fossil fuels
is from the sun. Photosynthetic plants and
marine algae lock this energy into organic
matter. When we burn plants, coal, oil, or gas,
we release the sun's trapped energy.
Burning fossil fuels releases their
stored energy.
BAD NEWS
Three problems with burning fossil fuels
are air pollution, water pollution, and soil
pollution.
Carbon dioxide is released when
burning fossil fuels.
COAL AND HOW IT WAS FORMED
Coal is an organic rock that originally
came from dead swamp grass that
compacted over millions of years.
The fossil fuel coal formed from the remains of
plants that lived and died around during the
Carboniferous Period, approximately 286 –
360 million years ago. when parts of the
earth were covered with huge swampy forests.
DETAILED EXPLANATION
• Most of the coal we
have on Earth today
was formed in the
Carboniferous period
Swamp 360 – 299 million
years ago
• Tropical, swampy
climate
• Plants die and over
time form layers of
Older rock squashed plant material
layers
• Squashed plant
material
accumulates over
thousands of years.
• Plant material turns
into peat.
• Peat is used for
Peat
fuel Ireland,
Scotland and
Finland
• Peat is buried by
layers of sediment
and subjected to
increased heat and
pressure
• ‘Cooked’ into coal
Younger rock • The type of coal you
get depends on how
layers
long it was buried,
how deep and how
Coal seam hot it got.
Older rock layers
The hotter the
temperature, the deeper
the coal is buried, and the
longer the amount of
time the coal is buried,
the more efficient coal
you get.
Coal burned to steam propels Electricit
heat water turbine
y
• Coal is cheap and there is lots of it!
• When coal is are burnt it releases carbon
dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide
into the atmosphere contributing to global
burned for heat warming and acid rain.
• Coal mining is harmful to the environment and
mine workers – toxic dust, cave-ins and
explosions.
OIL AND NATURAL GAS
Of all the fossil fuels, natural gas
produces the least amount of
pollution.
Natural gas is a naturally occurring
hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting
primarily of methane, with other
hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen
and hydrogen sulfide.
Natural gas is an energy source often
used for heating, cooking, and
electricity generation.
Petroleum oil is a non-renewable fossil
fuel usually found underground in
reservoirs located in sandstone or
limestone. This fossil fuel is made from
sea plants and animals.
Propane is a
nonrenewable fossil fuel
that is a derivative of
natural gas and petroleum
The energy source used more than any
other in the western states are oil.
Gasoline is made from the fossil fuel oil.
Oil and gas are formed from the remains of
marine plants, animals and microorganisms
that lived in seas millions of years ago.
DETAILED
EXPLANATION • Crude oil and natural gas
are formed from
phytoplankton and
zooplankton
• Microorganisms sink to
the bottom of the ocean
Phytoplankton & zooplankton when they die forming
layers of organic rich
sediment
• High primary production,
Organic rich stagnant, stratified water
sediments column, lack of sea floor
decomposers, low oxygen
Layers of (anoxic) = good conditions
for forming oil and gas
sediment source rocks
• Organic rich
sediments are buried
by layers and layers
of sediment
• Increased and
sustained heat and
pressure ‘cooks’ the
organic matter in the
source rock into
Organic rich sediments petroleum
• Temperature and
burial depth
determine which
hydrocarbons are
produced
Temperature and
burial depth
determine
whether you get
oil or gas and
how much is
formed.
• Oil and gas migrate
Oil rig upwards form the
source rock into
reservoir rocks capped
by impermeable seals
Drill Sea • Can sometimes migrate
all the way to the
Impermeable seal rock
surface e.g. La Brae
Oil Reservoir rock tarpits
• Trapped deposits are
drilled to release oil
and gas
• Hydraulic fracking
Oil rich can also be used to
source rock extract gas
Oil & gas burned to heat steam propels Electricity
water turbine
• Crude oil is refined by fractional distillation into kerosene, petrol,
diesel etc. before it is used as a fuel.
• Relatively inexpensive to extract.
• Reliable and dependable source of energy and income for local
communities.
• Natural gas can be converted into liquid form
• When oil and gas are burnt they release gas into the atmosphere.
carbon dioxide
When present supplies of nonrenewable
resources are used up, there will be no more,
which will cause multiple unfortunate events.
Energyresources are natural resources - non-
renewable or renewable
Oil,gas and coal are fossil fuels formed from
marine plankton (oil and gas) and land plants in
swampy conditions (coal).
Fossilsfuels can be burned directly for heat or used
to generate electricity through heating water.
Thanks for listening
