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Parts of carburetor and working principle

[Link] and parts of Carburetor

 Carburetor is a component in an automobile engine that is desing
designed to take in exact air and fuel needed for proper combustion.
 The part has been the heart of the vehicle engine makes it run smoothly and give better horse
power
 So a simple definition of carburetor is that is a device for mixing air with fuel in a system for
proper burning of fuel it is only seen in gasoline engine that works with spark ignition.
Parts of carburetor
The major parts of carburetor are listed below
1. Throttle valve
[Link] of carburetor and working principle

The function of throttle valve in a carburetor is to control the air fuel mixture that enters the
engine cylinder.
this throttle valve is opened when the accelerating pedal is pressed.
2. Metering system
This part controls the flow of fuel into the nozzle making it responsible for the exact mixture of
air-fuel. It consists of metering orifice and a fuel discharge nozzle.
3. Idling system
The passage from the float chamber to the venture tube is called an idling system. It offers a
rich mixture during idling and at low speed. It works when the throttle is opened below 15% or
during idling
[Link]
Strainer is a device that filters the fuel before entering the float [Link] is
[Link] of carburetor and working principle

Made of a fine wire mesh which filters the fuel from dust and other suspended particles.
Nozzles get block if particles are nor removed from the surface of the strainer.
[Link].
Venturi is a cross-sectional hollow which is gradually decreases to reduce the air pressure of
the chamber. From it fuel comes out from the fuel pipe to mix
[Link] valve
It is an other part in the carburetor that controls the mixture of air/fuel. Its purpose is to control
the quantity of the air inside the mixing chamber
It is a valve that normally stays at semi- opened condition, but when a rich mixture is required
the valve is operated. The inlet of the air within the chamber is closed so the rich mixture can
be obtained. This as a result of the quantity of fuel in the mixture is more because of less air in
the chamber
This valve is also helpful in winter season when engines hardly start
[Link] of carburetor and working principle

[Link] chamber
Float chambers are strong tank for fuel that aid the continuous supply of fuel. It features a
floating valve that maintains the level of fuel in the float chamber

When the fuel level increases the float moves upward which close and stop the fuel supply.
Also, when the level of fuel decrease in the float chamber the float move s downward this
opens the fuel supply valve and allows more flow of fuel into the float chamber.
[Link] chamber
the mixing chamber is where air and fuel mixture takes place which is then transferred to the
engine cylinder.
[Link] return check
Due to the fact that the total throttle on an engine running at a very high
[Link] of carburetor and working principle

 Speed causes a very high intake manifold vacuum

 [Link] mixture control
 There is a plunger shaped valve in a carburetor which is controlled by a solenoid
and spring. it operates the separate jet in the float chamber. The solenoid is turned
on and the v/v is lifted to increase the amount of fuel supply to the jet. When the
solenoid is turned off the spring pushes the valve down to decrease fuel supplied.
 [Link]-dieseling Solenoid:
 Because modern emission control engine usually runs hotter, resulting in some hot
spots on the combustion chamber. These hot spots cause pre-ignition in the
chamber. Carburetors are designed with an anti-dieseling solenoid in modern
engines to prevent the pre-ignition.
[Link] of carburetor and working principle

1.2 working principle of carburetor

 The working of a carburetor is quite simple but complex depending on the design.
However, the simplest is the one with a large vertical air pipe above the engine
cylinders. It has horizontal fuel pipe joined into one side. As airflow down the pipe, it
passes through a narrow kink in the middle. This kink makes it speed up and causes
its pressure to fall. The kink is known as venturi. The sucking effects that draws air in
through the fuel pipe at the side is caused by the falling pressure of the air.
 The airflow pulls the fuel along causing their mixture, which is its intended purpose.
 The mixture is caused in the carburetor by two swivelling valves which are located
above and below the venturi.
 The valve at the top is called “Choke”, it regulates the amount of air that flows in the
carburetor.
[Link] of carburetor and working principle

 Below the venturi, the second valve is known as “Throttle”. It determines the
amount of air that enters the carburetor and the amount of fuel it drags in from the
pipe to the side.

 As the throttle is opening the air and fuel flowing in makes the engine to release
more energy and makes more power making the vehicle to move faster.

  Thus, throttle makes the car accelerate. The throttle is connected to the
accelerator pedal in a car and on the handlebar of a motorcycle.
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
 2.1 definition and types of fuel injection pump
As the name implies, a fuel injection pump is a device in an automobile that
pumps fuel into the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel engine. The injection
pump is driven indirectly from the crankshaft by a gear, chain, or timing belt,
which also operates the camshaft.

Types of fuel injection pump

 The following are the main types of fuel injection pumps:
1. Individual Inline fuel injection pump
2. Distributor fuel injection pump
3. Continuous fuel injection pump
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
1. Individual Inline Fuel Injection Pump
 It is an individual inline injection pump in which a plunger mechanism will
perform each injector. In other words, the number of plungers is the same as
the number of injectors. All these plungers are installed together in a line
position in a pump unit, hence the name.
 The inline fuel injection pump consists of the camshaft, plunger, and fuel
barrel. The camshaft has the number of cams according to the number of
plungers. A plunger works to increase fuel pressure. The fuel barrel is the
small space where fuel is placed to be transferred to the injectors.
 When the crankshaft rotates, the camshaft pump also rotates, resulting in
the rotation of the camshaft causes the cam being alternately pressed
against the plunger. As soon as the plunger is pressed, the fuel pressure
increases, causing fuel to be sprayed from the injectors
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
2. Distributor Fuel Injection Pump
 c It
is small in size and used as a solution for vehicles with limited space. The main part
of the distributor pump is its injection system. In the inline type, one plunger is used
for one injector, but in the distributor type, one plunger is used for all injectors.

 In this type, a plunger will alternately pressurize all the fuel in each fuel barrel. The
fuel barrel can be found somewhere around the pump shaft. Pump shaft rotation
causes the plunger to alternately press the fuel in the barrel when the ignition timing
changes.

 Despite the small design of the distributor pump, it does not have high fuel pressure.
Because of this, it is rarely used for high-capacity diesel engines.
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
3 Continus Fuel Injection Pumps
 t is small in size and used as a solution for vehicles with limited space. The
main part of the distributor pump is its injection system. In the inline type, one
plunger is used for one injector, but in the distributor type, one plunger is
used for all injectors.
 In this type, a plunger will alternately pressurize all the fuel in each fuel barrel.
The fuel barrel can be found somewhere around the pump shaft. Pump shaft
rotation causes the plunger to alternately press the fuel in the barrel when the
ignition timing changes.
 Despite the small design of the distributor pump, it does not have high fuel
pressure. Because of this, it is rarely used for high-capacity diesel engines.
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
2.2 working principle of fuel injection pump
 Individual inline fuel injection pumps
 Individual inline pump An individual pump is a pump mechanism with an
individual fuel delivery system. That means that each injector will be served by a
plunger mechanism. It can be say, the number of plungers is the same as the
number of injectors. However, all the plungers are placed together in one pump
unit in a line position.
 distributer fuel injection pump
In this type, a plunger will alternately pressurize all the fuel in each fuel
barrel. The fuel barrel can be found somewhere around the pump shaft.
Pump shaft rotation causes the plunger to alternately press the fuel in the
barrel when the ignition timing changes.
[Link] types of fuel injection pump and its
working principle
. 3 Continus Fuel Injection Pumps
Basic Working principle of fuel pump As the cam rotates it operates a spring
loaded ram (the plunger) which moves up and down in a cylinder (the barrel).
As the plunger moves up the barrel, the pressure of the fuel in the barrel
above the plunger rises very quickly.
The advantages of valve over lapping

 Valve overlap is designed into the engine and is most useful at higher speeds. At
higher speeds, the extra amount of intake charge brought into the combustion
chamber provides a substantial increase in available power. The amount of time
that both valves are open in directly related to engine rpm
 Advantages of Lapping:
• This gives the high surface finish.
• Rate of production is high.
• By the absence of clapping parts, no heat is generated.
• Less skilled labors can do this work.
The advantages of valve over lapping

• On any material this operation can perform.

• This can remove burrs on materials.
 Disadvantages of Lapping:
• It can remove only a limited amount of material.
• Surface finishing is not uniform in this.