Microphone
Report:
Raymond R. Dela Cruz
Objective:
What is microphone?
History of microphone
How do microphones
work?
Types of microphone
What is microphone?
is a device that translates
sound vibrations in the air
into electronic signals and
scribes them to a recording
medium or over a
loudspeaker.
History of microphone
The first microphone was invented as a telephone
transmitter by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. It
was a liquid device that was not very practical. In
1886, Thomas Alva Edison invented the first
practical carbon microphone. The carbon
microphone was used for radio transmissions and
extensively in telephone transmitters until the
1970s when they were replaced by piezoelectric
ceramic elements.
How do microphones work?
The most common type of
microphone, the dynamic
microphone, uses a coil suspended
in a magnetic field that may be
attached to multiple membranes for
extended frequency response.
Dynamic microphones use
electrical energy in the form of
induction to produce the audio
signal. These microphones are well
suited to stage performance.
How does a microphone turn sound
energy into electrical energy? Like this:
1. When you speak, sound
waves created by your
voice carry energy toward
the microphone.
Remember that sound we
can hear is energy carried
by vibrations in the air.
2. Inside the microphone,
the diaphragm (much smaller
than you'd find in a loudspeaker
and usually made of very thin
plastic) moves back and forth
when the sound waves hit it.
3. The coil, attached to the
diaphragm, moves back and
forth as well.
4. The permanent magnet produces a
magnetic field that cuts through the coil. As
the coil moves back and forth through the
magnetic field, an electric current flows
through it.
5. The electric current flows out from the
microphone to an amplifier or sound
recording device. Hey presto, you've
converted your original sound into
electricity! By using this current to drive
sound recording equipment, you can
effectively store the sound forever more.
Types of microphone
Omnidirectional
microphones
Directional microphones
Bidirectional microphones
Omnidirectional microphones
Omnidirectional
microphones are suited
to recording all sounds
in an area but are poor
for focusing on a single
subject among
background noise.
An example of its
microphone is the
lavalier microphone,
which is often used in
television production.
Directional microphones
Directional microphones,
also referred to as
unidirectional, are better at
picking up sounds from a
particular direction and are
useful in situations where
there is significant
background noise.
Shotgun microphones are a
type of directional
microphone often used in
film and television
production to record audio
from a distance
Bidirectional microphones
Bidirectional
microphones are
designed to pick up
sounds from two
directions, making
them ideal for
recording
conversations.
An example of a
bidirectional
microphone would be
those
used for dictation mac
hines
.
Condenser microphone
Condenser microphones use the
varied electrical charge of a
capacitor with a diaphragm acting
as one of the plates of a
capacitor. The plate is biased by
a fixed charge, often from a
battery which also amplifies the
signal.
The example of it is studio
microphones that will use to
recording the music play. Some
use of it is the artist and rapper
influencer
Laser microphones
Laser microphones use the
vibrations of surfaces
affected by sound waves
to capture sound at
distances. The lasers
return at different angles
due to the vibration and
these changes are
interpreted and translated
into sound waves.
Laser microphones are
used in situations where
sounds need to be
recorded from a distance.
Ribbon microphones
Ribbon microphones are
made using a thin strip
of conductive metal that
is suspended in a
magnetic field. The
ribbon is usually made
from aluminum,
duralumin or nanofilm.
When sound waves hit
the microphone, the
ribbon vibrates, which in
turn produces an
electrical signal.
End of Report
Thank you!
