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FOR HEALTH EMERGENCIES
Head and Neck Problems
Standard First Aid
(SFA)
04/10/23 1
Objectives
At the end of this session, the participants should be able to:
•Detect when a person is suffering from fainting, dizziness,
convulsions, headache, nosebleed, foreign objects in the
nose or ear and stroke
•Administer first aid to persons suffering from these head and
neck problems
•Recognize when to seek medical help for persons with these
head and neck problems
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Dizziness
• Feeling of
unsteadiness;
spinning sensation
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Dizziness
• Vertigo: feeling of motion when there
is no actual motion
• Lightheadedness: feeling of about to
faint
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What to do for Dizziness
• Drink plenty of water; have regular meals; get enough
rest
• Avoid unnecessary or sudden movements or change
in position
• Place the victim in a comfortable position
• Reassure the anxious dizzy person
• If symptoms persist, bring the victim to the nearest
medical facility
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When to seek medical care
• Dizziness without a clear, certain cause
• Dizziness followed by loss of consciousness
• Inability to walk straight; falling
• Worsening or new symptom
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Fainting
• Not enough
blood supply to
the brain which
causes loss of
consciousness
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What to do for Fainting
• If person is breathing, lay him down, elevate legs
• Loosen constrictive clothing
• Don’t get the person up too quickly
• Seek for medical assistance
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What to do for Fainting
• Make sure airway is clear; watch out for vomiting
• Treat injuries from fall, if any
• DO NOT pour water over victim’s face
• DO NOT give any liquids unless victim is awake
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Convulsions
• Seizures
• Uncontrolled, rapid
shaking
• Muscles contract
and relax repeatedly
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Characteristics of Convulsions
• With or without warning signs
• Rigid; shaking vigorously, uncontrollably with
upward rolling of eyes; drooling
• Staring blankly
• Victim may not remember
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What to do for Convulsion
• Place the person in a safe environment
• Provide adequate breathing space
• Support the head and neck
• Note for duration, recurrence and interval
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What to do for Convulsion
• After the convulsion, roll the person to his side
• Call for medical assistance
• Stay with person until help arrives
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What NOT to do for Convulsion
• DO NOT place anything in the mouth
• DO NOT try to make the person stop
convulsing
• DO NOT give anything by mouth until
he/she is fully awake and alert
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Headache
• Most common pain
complaint
• May indicate an
underlying disorder
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What to do for Headache
• Most headaches are treated with
painkillers, as prescribed by doctors
• Stay in a cool and quiet environment
• Apply cold compress on painful area
• Rest
• Drink plenty of water
• Avoid stressors
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When to seek medical help
• If headache persists
• Headache with stiff neck, vomiting
• Headache with numbness and weakness
of arms or legs and difficulty speaking
• Headache after head injury
• With difficulty of breathing
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Nosebleed
• Bleeding from the
nose
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Common Causes of Nosebleeding
• Injury / trauma
• Disease / medical
conditions
• Extremes in
environmental
temperature
• Changes in altitude
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What to do for Nosebleed
• Calm the victim; have him sit with
head lean forward
• Pinch victim’s nose; have him
breathe through mouth
• Apply ice pack on nose bridge,
forehead
• Don’t let victim rub, blow or pick
nose after bleeding stops
• Persistent bleeding: bring victim to
hospital
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Foreign object in Nose
(common in Children)
• May be inhaled or obstruct
the air flow
• May be present in child’s
nose without any adult being
aware
• May dislodge into the mouth
and might be swallowed
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Foreign object in nose: Symptoms
• Difficulty breathing in affected nostril
• Feeling of something inside nose
• Irritation, pain
• Foul-smelling or bloody nasal discharge
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What to do for Foreign Object in Nose
• Let the victim inhale through the mouth,
pinch the unaffected nostril and ask the
victim to gently exhale through the affected
nostril with mouth closed.
• Seek medical help
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What not to do for Foreign object in Nose:
• DO NOT probe the nose with cotton buds
or other tools
• DO NOT make the victim inhale deeply
• DO NOT try to remove the object if it is not
visible or easily grasped
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Foreign object in ear
• Common among
toddlers
• Mostly in ear canal
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Usual Foreign objects in Ear
• Food material
• Beads
• Small toys
• Corn, seeds
• Insects
• Hardened earwax may cause similar
symptoms
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Foreign object in ear: Symptoms
• Ear pain
• Decrease in hearing
• Irritation to ear canal may cause desire to vomit
• Bleeding
• Buzzing in the ear
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Foreign object in Ear: Do’s and Don’ts
• If an alive insect is in the ear, have the person tilt
his head, put a few drops of mineral oil.
• Seek medical help
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Foreign object in Ear: Do’s and Don’ts
• DO NOT poke into the ear
• DO NOT try to remove the object
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Eye injuries
• Include cuts, scratches, objects, burns,
chemical exposure, and blunt injuries to the
eye or eyelid
• Can lead to vision loss if left untreated
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What to do with objects in the eye
• Often clear itself of tiny objects through
blinking and tearing
• Do not rub the eye
• Try to gently flush it out with water
• Do not touch it or apply any pressure to it
• Cover both eyes with clean cloth and bring to
the nearest hospital
• Get medical help immediately
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What to do for a person with eye
injury due to chemicals
• Flush the injured eye with tap water immediately.
• Turn the person's head so the injured eye is down
and to the side. Hold the eyelid open, allow running
water for 15 minutes.
• If both eyes are affected, or if the chemicals are on
other parts of the body, have the person take a
shower.
• After following the above instructions, seek medical
help immediately.
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What to do for a person with eye
cuts, scratches or blows
• If the eyeball has been injured, get medical
help immediately
• Gently apply cold compresses to reduce
swelling and help stop any bleeding. DO NOT
apply pressure to control bleeding
• If blood is pooling in the eye, cover both of the
person's eyes with a clean cloth or sterile
dressing, and get medical help
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When to seek medical help
• Scratch, cut, or something has penetrated the
eyeball
• Chemical gets into the eye
• The eye is painful and red
• Nausea or headache occur with the eye pain
• Change in vision (such as blurred or double
vision)
• Uncontrollable bleeding
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Stroke
• Is a condition that occurs when the blood
flow to the brain is interrupted.
• This is also known as “Brain Attack”.
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Types of Stroke
• Ischemic (Block)
• Hemorrhagic (Bleed)
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Assessment System for Stroke
• F-acial Droop
• A-rm Drift
• S-lurred Speech
• T-ime of onset
Note: if any of the symptoms present, bring to the nearest
capable hospital
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Signs and Symptoms of Stroke
• Weakness and numbness of the face, arm or leg,
often one side of the body only
• Dizziness
• Confusion
• Headache
• Slurring of speech
• Difficulty in breathing and swallowing
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What to do for cases of Stroke
• Check the victim’s ABC
• Have the victim rest in a comfortable position
• Do not give anything by mouth
• Seek immediately medical help
• Go to the nearest hospital
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Objectives
Were we able to meet the objectives?
•Detect when a person is suffering from fainting, dizziness,
convulsions, headache, nosebleed, foreign objects in the
nose or ear and stroke
•Administer first aid to persons suffering from these head and
neck problems
•Recognize when to seek medical help for persons with these
head and neck problems
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Question?
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References:
• Web based Integrated 2010 American Heart
Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for
First Aid
• ([Link]
circulation/aha-red-cross-first-aid-guidelines/part-
15-first-aid/)
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