THE DIFFERENT ORGAN
SYSTEM OF REPRESENTATIVE
ANIMAL
GROUP 1
• Animal cells need constant supply of nutrients such as
water, oxygen, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and vitamins.
They must also eliminate waste products like carbon dioxide
and nitrogen-containing compounds.
• In single-celled organism, exchange of materials occurs
directly with the external environment. However,
multicellular animals cannot exchange materials this way.
Instead, various organ systems perform functions of
exchange. The different parts and organs of each organ
systems play a very important role in the unique
characteristic and function in keeping animals alive
• This lesson will discuss the unique characteristics of
the different organ systems of some animals. It will
also give concepts on how some animals from varied
habitats differ in their ways of exchanging gases from
their body and environment. It will further illustrate the
different digestive systems of some animals, and will
give your idea on why some animals can digest food
easily than other animals.
• Next is the list of the different organ systems of some
representative animals. Each system is made up of
different parts or organs that perform different tasks to
carry out a specific function in ensuring the survival of
animals. In the more advanced animals, there are usually
10 organ systems: integumentary (skin), skeletal,
muscular, nervous, endocrine, digestive, respiratory,
circulatory, excretory (urinary), and reproductive.
ORGAN SYSTEM PARTS / ORGAN
Circulatory System Heart, Blood Vessels and Blood
Digestive System Mouth, Esophagus, Stomach,
Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas
Small and Large Intestines
Lymphatic System Spleen, Lymph Nodes and Vessels,
White Blood Cells, T and B Cells
Muscular/Skeletal System Skeletal Structure (Bones and Cartilage)
and Muscles
Nervous System Brain, Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves
Reproductive/Endocrine System Reproductive Organs and Endocrine
Glands such as the Hypothalamus,
Pineal, Thyroid, Pancreas and Adrenals
Respiratory System Nose, Trachea, Lungs and Skin
Urinary System Kidney, Bladder, Ureters and Urethra
The functions of each organ system overlap and the body of an organism could not
function completely without the cooperation of all organ systems, yet each organ
system has a distinct and unique characteristic that perform a specific function for
the survival of an organism.
THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS AND FUNCTION OF DIFFERENT ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGAN SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Circulatory System Transports nutrients, gases (oxygen and carbon
dioxide), hormones, and wastes throughout the body.
Digestive System Converts air, food and water into building materials
for living tissue. Breaks down food, absorbs nutrients
and eliminates wastes.
Lymphatic System Destroys and removes invading microbes and viruses.
Removes fat and excess fluids from the blood
Muscular/Skeletal System Provides structure and mobility, and even controls the
movement of materials through some organs.
Nervous System Relays electrical signals, directs behavior and
movement, and helps control physiological processes
such as digestion, circulation, respiration, etc
Productive/Endocrine System Manufactures cells that create and support new life.
Regulates hormones and relays chemical messages
throughout the body
Respiratory System Provides oxygen and gas exchange between the blood
and the environment.
Urinary System/Excretory System Filters wastes, toxins, excess water and nutrients from
the circulatory system
Other animals can digest food better than the others due to the type of digestive
system they have. There are four basic types of digestive systems; monogastric,
avian, ruminant, and pseudo-ruminant.
A monogastric digestive system has one simple stomach that secretes acid. This
acid destroys most bacteria in the stomach and break down the foods into its
simplest form. They can easily digest foods with high in energy and low in fiber.
The avian digestive system is found in poultry, animals that do not have teeth.
They break their food into small pieces by pecking it with their beaks or scratching
them before swallowing. Food enters the mouth, travels to the esophagus, and into
the crop. The crop is where the food is stored and soaked.
The food moves to the stomach of birds called proventriculus where the
gastric enzymes and hydrochloric acid are secreted. From there, the food goes to
the gizzard, a very muscular organ, which contains stones that act like teeth to
grind the food. The food then moves to the small intestine and to the large
intestine. The food components that cannot be digested move to the cloaca.
The ruminant digestive system has a large stomach divided into four
compartments—the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum, and the abomasum. They
are herbivores, which eat large amounts of fiber. Their digestive system are
able to digest large amount of cellulose. Their foods are not chewed well
and are swallowed in large quantities. The first compartment of the stomach is the
rumen which has millions of bacteria and microbes that helps in the partial break
down of foods. And since these animals do not chew well their foods before
swallowing, the reticulum traps foreign materials, such as wire, and nails. From
the reticulum, the digested cellulose is swallowed into the omasum
that removes water and passes to abomasum where it is digested by the enzyme
produced by the ruminant.
The Pseudo-ruminant digestive system is found in animals that eat large amounts of
fiber but do not have stomach with several compartments. The digestive system has
the same functions of those of ruminants.
Land dwelling insects have developed a system of air tubes called trachea. Air enter
the insect’s body through openings called spiracles along the side of the body. From
these openings, the trachea branch into smaller tubes that have direct contact with the
cells. Thus the cells easily receive oxygen and give off carbon dioxide by diffusion
through the walls of the air tubes. The insect’s respiratory system is not connected to
its circulatory system.
THANK YOU!
