Quiz No.
1
•You have 10 minutes to
finish the quiz.
When a receptor such as an
organ perceives a stimulus, the
impulse is sent to the brain by
the sensory neurons , which
then transmit information from
one nerve cell to another. As the
message reaches the brain, it
processes the information and
commands an effector such as a
muscle or an organ to respond.
The message coming from the
brain is sent through the motor
neurons.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
The endocrine system is composed of glands
that secrete different types of hormones that
affects almost every cell, organ and function
of our body.
It is essential in regulating growth and
development, metabolism, as well as
reproductive processes and mood.
How does your ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM function?
Endocrine glands secrete chemicals known as
hormones into the bloodstream, which carries them
throughout the body. When a hormone in the body
reaches the target organ, it produces a notable effect.
The endocrine system sends signal all over the body.
But unlike the nervous system, the effects can take
few hours or even weeks.
PINEAL GLAND
LOCATION Midline of the brain
Melatonin
HORMONES
RELEASED
FUNCTION help control the circadian cycle of
sleep and wakefulness by secreting
melatonin
PITUITARY GLAND
LOCATION At the base of the brain
Oxytocin, vasopressin, growth
hormone, adrenocorticotropic
HORMONES
RELEASED
hormone (ACTH), prolactin,
luteinizing hormone, follicle
stimulating hormone (FSH)
FUNCTION Stimulates growth and controls
the functions of the other glands
LOCATION Below the voice box
Thyroxin
HORMONES Calcitonin
RELEASED
FUNCTION Regulates body
metabolism, and
causes storage of
calcium in bones
THYROID
GLAND
LOCATION In the neck
Parathyromone
HORMONES
RELEASED
FUNCTION Controls the
calcium levels in
your body, and
normalizes bone
PARATHYROID growth
GLAND
LOCATION In front of the
heart
HORMONES Thymosin
RELEASED
FUNCTION Enables the body
to produce certain
antibodies
THYMUS GLAND
LOCATION On top of the kidneys
ANDRENAL
GLAND
HORMONES Adrenaline
RELEASED
FUNCTION Prepares the body
for action, controls
the heart rate and
breathing in times of
emergency
LOCATION Between the
kidneys
HORMONES Insulin
RELEASED Glucagon
FUNCTION Regulates blood
sugar levels
PANCREAS
LOCATION Lower abdomen
HORMONES Androgen
RELEASED Testosterone
FUNCTION Control
maturation and
male
characteristics
TESTES
OVARY LOCATION Lower abdomen
HORMONES Estrogen
RELEASED progesterone
FUNCTION Influence female
traits and support
reproductive
function
Activity No. 3
Who’s in Control?
Ovaries
Secrete more progesterone and estrogen
to promote pregnancy
Adrenal Gland
Produces adrenaline to activate short-
term stress response
Pituitary Gland
Produces growth hormone
Thymus Gland
Secretes thymosin to stimulate
production of T-cells against infection
Pancreas
Secretes insulin that regulates blood
sugar
1. Which gland of the endocrine and nervous
system controls the other glands in the body?
The pituitary gland
controls other glands in
the body.
2. How will you differentiate thyroid and parathyroid
glands in terms of location and function?
The thyroid gland is located below the voice
box and regulates body metabolism by
producing calcitonin that reduces blood
calcium level while parathyroid gland is
located on the thyroid glands and produces
parathormone that increases blood calcium
levels and normalizes bone growth.
[Link] a person’s blood sugar level becomes unstable,
what glands might be involved in the problem?
The person’s pancreas is possibly involved
when blood sugar level becomes unstable.
[Link] important is the thymus gland in
keeping your body free from diseases?
The thymus gland enables the body to
produce T-cells that help in fighting infections
and diseases.
5. What might happen to a person born
without a thymus gland?
A person born without a thymus gland will
not develop an adaptive immune system and
may eventually die.
[Link] will you explain the sudden boost of energy,
increased strength and extraordinary ability to lift very
heavy objects especially during emergency situations?
The adrenal gland produces adrenaline that
enables the body to have energy in doing
spontaneous work during emergency
situations.
[Link] is injecting insulin an essential part of the
daily regime for most people with diabetes?
Because the diabetic person’s pancreas
does not produce enough insulin for the
body, insulin injections must be administered
to the body to regulate blood sugars.
[Link] does the menstrual cycle stop during
menopause?
During menopause there is a significant
change of hormones levels produced by the
ovaries which eventually stops the menstrual
cycle.
[Link] do oral contraceptives, specifically
birth control pills, prevent pregnancy?
Birth control pills contain hormones that
control the function of the ovaries and the
uterus. Most pills have the combination of
the hormones estrogen and progesterone to
prevent ovulation.
10. Breastfeeding release oxytocin and prolactin, hormones that relax the
mother and make her feel more nurturing toward her baby. On the other
hand, how does the baby benefit from the production of these hormones in the
mother’s body?
Oxytocin and prolactin enable milk
production that provides the required
nourishment for the baby.
