SIMPLE MACHINES
MACHINES
Machines are used to
transform energy, multiply
speed or force, and
change the direction of
the force
SIMPLE MACHINES
Simple Machines do work in
one movement or a one-type-
of-work easing device.
1. Lever
2. Inclined Plane
3. Wedge
4. Screw
5. Pulley
6. Wheel and Axle
1. Simple machines only exist in factories
and machines.
2. A lever is a simple machine that helps
you lift heavy objects.
3. An inclined plane can be used to make
it easier to climb up a steep hill.
4. A screw is a type of simple machine that
is used to hold things together.
5. A wedge is a simple machine that is
used to cut through things.
6. Which type of simple machine is used to
lift objects?
a) Lever
b) Screw
c) Pulley
d) Wedge
7. Which type of simple machine is used to
split objects apart?
a) Wheel and Axle
b) Lever
c) Wedge
d) Inclined Plane
8. Which type of simple machine is used to
help you move objects up and down stairs?
a) Wheel and Axle
b) Lever
c) Inclined Plane
d) Pulley
9. Which type of simple machine is used to
hold objects in place?
a) Screw
b) Lever
c) Wedge
d) Pulley
10. Which type of simple machine is used in
a bike to make it easier to ride uphill?
a) Wheel and Axle
b) Lever
c) Inclined Plane
d) None of the above
Answers:
1. False 6. c) Pulley
2. True 7. c) Wedge
3. True 8. c) Inclined Plane
4. True 9. a) Screw
5. True 10.c) Inclined Plane
• Bring on Thursday:
– Glue/glue gun
– Scissors
– Colored papers/old magazines
– Used cardboard boxes
– Toothpicks/barbecue sticks
– String or yarn
Paired Activity
Think of 3 examples of simple machines.
Identify its type and explain how it works.
Example:
Scissors: (lever & wedge)
When force is applied to the handle, it
causes the blades(wedge) to cut the object.
MACHINES
Simple Compound
Machine Machine
COMPOUND MACHINES
Compound Machine is made
up of two or more simple
machines.
Example: Bicycle, Sewing
Machine
LEVER
INCLINED PLANE
WEDGE
WEDGE
SCREW
PULLEY
WHEEL AND AXLE
WHEEL AND AXLE
SIMPLE MACHINES
SIMPLE MACHINES
LEVER
Lever
• The lever is a device, which has
a fulcrum or a pivot point, the
effort end where force is
applied, and the resistance end
is where the load is located.
Parts of a Lever
• 4. Resistant Arm (dr) – the
distance of the resistance to the
fulcrum.
• 5. Effort Arm (de) – the distance
of the effort to the fulcrum.
First Class Lever (RFE or EFR)
• The Fulcrum is between the
Effort and the Load or
Resistance as in a seesaw.
Second Class Lever FRE or ERF
• The Fulcrum lies at one end, the
Effort is applied to the other end
and the Load is in the middle, as
in a wheelbarrow.
Third Class Lever (REF or FER)
• The Fulcrum is in one end, but
the load is at the other end, and
the effort is applied in the middle,
as in a human forearm.
INCLINED PLANE
Inclined Plane
• An inclined plane is a flat
supporting surface, tilted at an
angle with one end higher
than the other.
Inclined Plane
• An inclined plane lessens the
effort exerted over a distance
and changes its direction.
• The lesser the angle of the
inclined plane, the longer the
distance, the lesser the effort
needed.
Inclined Plane
WEDGE
Wedge
• A wedge is a double incline
plane that is sharpened to an
end.
• It can be used to separate two
portions of an object.
Wedge
• The thinner the wedge is,
the lesser effort is needed to
cut objects.
WEDGE
SCREW
Screw
• Screw is a modified inclined
plane.
• Screws are used to lift heavy
objects or fasten two objects
together.
Screw
The spiral ridges of a screw is
the Thread and the distance
between each thread is the
Pitch.
Types of Screws
PULLEY
Pulley
• A pulley is a modified wheel and
axle. It is used to lift loads and
apply forces.
• A pulley has a rope sliding on
the groove of the wheel.
Kinds of Pulleys
• 1. Fixed Pulley
Is generally hung,
making the
wheel stationary
(not moving).
Kinds of Pulleys
2. Movable Pulley
– the entire
wheel together
with the axle
travels along the
rope.
Ex: Zipline
MOVABLE PULLEY
Zipline uses a Movable Pulley
Kinds of Pulley
• 3. Block and
Tackle is a
combination of
movable and fixed
pulley.
Block and Tackle Pulley
WHEEL AND AXLE
WHEEL AND AXLE
Wheel and Axle
• The Wheel and Axle refers to
the assembly formed by two
discs of different size
attached together so they can
rotate (turn around) together
around the same axis.
Wheel and Axle
Wheel and Axle
• It has the same appearance to
the pulley but the Wheel is
fixed to the Axle.
Wheel and Axle
• SIMPLE MACHINES
Tell what Simple Machine are
the following:
• 1. Ramp
• 2. Axe
• 3. Blade
• 4. Flagpole
• 5. Sloping Road
• 6. Wheelbarrow
• 7. Bicycle gears
• 8. Zipline
• 9. Door Knob
• 10. Spoon
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
1. To avoid getting
hurt, do not play
with sharp simple
machines
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 2. Keep
machines in a
cabinet or in a
safe place away
from children.
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 3. When holding
a tool, make sure
its’ sharp edge
points are
downward,
facing the
ground.
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 4. Before using
any simple
machine, be
sure it is in
good condition.
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 5. When playing with levers like
seesaw, never put your feet
under and your hands near the
fulcrum.
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 6. When playing with inclined
plane like slides, make sure that
the end of the slide is secured.
Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 7. When using wheels and
axles, like bikes and
skateboards, use a helmet and
make sure the wheel and axle
are firmly attaches to each
other.
