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Overview of Commercial Beekeeping

Commercial beekeeping involves maintaining honeybee colonies in man-made hives to collect honey and other hive products. There are four main species of honeybees kept for commercial beekeeping - Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, and Apis florea. Langstroth hives with removable frames are commonly used to allow harvesting of honey. Key activities include colony handling, preparing and fixing frames, honey and wax extraction, and capturing swarms. Hive products like honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, bee venom and wax have various culinary, medicinal and industrial uses. Commercial beekeeping requires specific equipment and practices to sustain honeybee colonies and harvest their valuable products.

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Robin Sidhu
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4K views22 pages

Overview of Commercial Beekeeping

Commercial beekeeping involves maintaining honeybee colonies in man-made hives to collect honey and other hive products. There are four main species of honeybees kept for commercial beekeeping - Apis mellifera, Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, and Apis florea. Langstroth hives with removable frames are commonly used to allow harvesting of honey. Key activities include colony handling, preparing and fixing frames, honey and wax extraction, and capturing swarms. Hive products like honey, pollen, propolis, royal jelly, bee venom and wax have various culinary, medicinal and industrial uses. Commercial beekeeping requires specific equipment and practices to sustain honeybee colonies and harvest their valuable products.

Uploaded by

Robin Sidhu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Beekeeping: Describes the role and importance of beekeeping, including the classification of bees.
  • Species of Honey Bee: Highlights the four main species of honey bees with images and classifications.
  • Caste Differentiation: Explains the different castes within a bee colony and their roles.
  • Morphology of Bees: Illustrates the anatomical structure and parts of a honey bee.
  • Life Cycle: Describes the stages in the life cycle of a honey bee from egg to adult.
  • Langstroth Hive: Describes the structure and components of a Langstroth hive used in modern beekeeping.
  • Apicultural Equipments: Displays various tools and equipment used in beekeeping, including their images and uses.
  • Various Beekeeping Practices: Describes different practices in beekeeping such as sanitation, handling, and honey extraction.
  • Hive Products & Their Uses: Describes various products obtained from hives like honey, pollen, propolis, and their uses.

COMMERCIAL BEEKEEPING

ELM - 424

Submitted To –
Dr. Kavita Bajaj
Ms. Gurleen Kaur
(Instructor)

Submitted By –
Paramveen Kaur
18101061 (College)
18110012453(University)
INTRODUCTION
Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee
colonies, commonly in man-made hives, by humans in order
to collect their honey and other products that the hive produce
(including beeswax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly), to
pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other
beekeepers.
Location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee
yard".
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Arthropoda
SCIENTIFIIC
CLASS Insecta
CLASIFICATION
ORDER Hymenoptera
FAMILY Apidae
GENUS Apis
SPECIES OF HONEY BEE
There are 4 important species of honey bee –
•Apis dorsata ( the rock bee )
•Apis cerana ( the Indian bee )
•Apis florea ( the little bee )
•Apis mellifera ( European or Italian bee )
Apis mellifera

Apis dorsata Apis cerana Apis florea


CASTE DIFFERENTIATION

Queen:- She is the mother of the whole colony producing workers and drones.
Her function is to lay eggs. A good queen can lay 1500-2000 eggs per day.

Worker - various duties like feeding to larva, building comb, guard duty as well
as outdoor duties.

Drone:- The sole function of a drone is to mate once which costs him his life.
MORPHOLOGY

Various parts of honey bee -

Dissection of
honey bee
LIFE CYCLE
 Complete Metamorphosis
 Egg laying is 2000 – 3000 / day ; both fertilized & unfertilized
 Queen – 16 days to become adult.
 Worker – 18 – 22 days to become adult.
 Drone – 24 days to become adult.
LANGSTROTH HIVE
In modern apiary, Longstroth’s frame hive is most suitable and used
commercially for production of honey.

These hives are rectangular boxes with removable frames for the bees
to build comb in.

It is consists of –
1. Hive body
2. Stand
3. Top cover
4. Inner cover
5. 8 -10 frames
6. Hive super
APICULTURAL EQUPMENTS

Gloves Uncapping Smoker


Bee Veil
Knife

Hive Tool Roller Brushing Honey


Extractor
VARIOUS BEEKEEPING PRACTICES

 Sanitization of Bee hive boxes


 Colony Handling and Division.
 Bee Flora Identification
 Preparation & Fixation of Frames
 Grafting method of Mass Rearing
 Fumigation of Frames & Cleaning of Fumigated Frames
 Wax Extraction
 Honey Extraction
 Honey Testing
 Capturing of swarm
SANITIZATION OF BEE HIVE BOXES

Ethanol Ignite Hive box Cover


spray fire cleaning cleaning

 10 boxes were sent to bee farm near kathunangal, Amritsar.


 3 feet gap between boxes.
 Direction – towards the west so that there is no direct sunlight
fall on the entrance.
 Require afternoon shade.
COLONY HANDLING & DIVISION
Colony Division means dividing a strong
colony into two parts.
 Open a hive box.
 Find a frame containing a queen and keep
it aside.
 Now remove the frames of brood and
honey and divide it equally.
 A minimum of 3 frames of brood are
transferred into the new colony.
 Introduce a new queen into the new colony
formed.
 Now feed the new formed hive with sugar
syrup.
BEE FLORA IDENTIFICATION
Plants that yield pollen and nectar are collectively called bee pasturage or bee
forage or bee flora.
Foraging: This refers to collection of nectar and pollen by bees.
Nectar foragers: These collect nectar from flowers using lapping tongue and pass
the nectar to hive bees. Hive bees repeatedly pass the nectar between pre oral cavity
and tongue to ripen the honey. Later they drop the ripened honey into cells.
Pollen foragers: They collect pollen by passing through different flowers.

Various flowers on which honey –

Grandiflora Daisy Yellow kaner Pink rose


PREPARATION & FIXATION OF FRAMES
New frames are required when the population increases of hive
box.
Foundation sheet making machine is specially used for this
purpose.
Sheets are made of wax.
Candle is used to fix the sheet to the wooden frame.
They were highly needed during the spring season
GRAFTING METHOD OF QUEEN
REARING
Preparing
queen cell cups
and their
fixation.

Larval grafting
FUMIGATION OF FRAMES
& THEIR CLEANING
FUMIGATION OF FRAMES –
 Frames need to be fumigated were kept
inside hive box having Sulphur ball in it.
Entry of the box is sealed & covered
with plastic sheet.
 Effective up to 3 months.

CLEANING OF FUMIGATED FRAMES–


 Water + Salt solution
 2 minutes.
WAX EXTRACTION
1) Take empty frames from the hive and
remove the comb from it.
2) Now take muslin cloth and place the
removed comb into it and tie the knot
tightly.
3) Now place the wax into hot water placed on
electric heater.
4) Let the wax melt and after the complete
melting the wax will came into the water.
5) Remove the muslin cloth from the pan
along with waste.
6) Allow the rest solution to cool down and
wax will get solidify.
7) After solidification remove the water and
collect the wax.
HONEY EXTRACTION

Brushing Uncapping Extraction

Collection of
Purifying
Honey
HONEY TESTING
To ensure reliability of honey, testing is
important.
Adulterated honey have negative impact on
health.

 Test methods –
Water drop 1. Water drop test
test 2. Cloth dry test

Cloth dry
test
CAPTURING OF SWARM
If the swarm is not caught, beekeepers lose one queen bee and 75% of
the worker bees.

We use secateur to cut the branches of tree on which the swarm is
shifted.

 We use 3 new foundation


sheets.

 Sugar : water is 1 : 1 provided


in feeder.
HIVE PRODUCTS & THEIR USES

HONEY
• As food, medicine, cosmetics, etc.
• Use in pest control.

POLLEN
• Working as dietary supplements.
• Strengthening the immune system.

PROPOLIS
• Hive construction, crack filling.
• To cure itching, peeling and redness.
ROYAL JELLY
• Used for feeding to brood
• Used to cure asthma, hay fever, etc.

BEE VENOM
• Used to attack enemies.
• Used as medicinal purpose.

BEE WAX
• Used for building hives.
• Used in cosmetics.
THANK YOU

COMMERCIAL BEEKEEPING ELM - 424 Submitted By – Paramveen Kaur 18101061 (College) 18110012453(University) Submitted To
INTRODUCTION Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of bee colonies, commonly in man-made hives, by humans in order
SPECIES OF HONEY BEE There are 4 important species of honey bee – •Apis dorsata ( the rock bee ) •Apis cerana ( the Indian
CASTE DIFFERENTIATION Queen:- She is the mother of the whole colony producing workers and drones. Her function is to lay eg
MORPHOLOGY Dissection of honey bee Various parts of honey bee -
LIFE CYCLE Complete Metamorphosis Egg laying is 2000 – 3000 / day ; both fertilized & unfertilized Queen – 16 days to bec
LANGSTROTH HIVE In modern apiary, Longstroth’s frame hive is most suitable and used commercially for production of honey.
APICULTURAL EQUPMENTS Bee Veil Gloves Uncapping Knife Smoker Hive Tool Roller Brushing Honey Extractor
VARIOUS BEEKEEPING PRACTICES Sanitization of Bee hive boxes Colony Handling and Division. Bee Flora Identification Prep
SANITIZATION OF BEE HIVE BOXES Ethanol spray Ignite fire Hive box cleaning Cover cleaning 10 boxes were sent to bee

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