TO THE
RESCUE!
EMERGENCY ACTION AND FIRST AID
Any injured person must be given first aid. Giving first aid is an
emergency action. Emergency action is the swift response to a
pressing situation. First aid is the immediate medical care given
to an injured person. This is done while medical help is still not
present. First aid has three objectives. These are the following
[Link] aid prolongs the life on an injured.
[Link] aid alleviates the suffering of the injured.
[Link] aid prevents further injury.
PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY ACTION AND
FIRST AID
Emergency action and first aid principles refer to the set of rules
that guide a person in responding to emergency scenarios
adminestering immediate medical care. Below are examples of
these principles.
[Link] emergency action if you witness a situation involving
injuries.
[Link] about your own safety before providing emergency care.
[Link] proper first aid procedures.
[Link] calm
THE FIRST AIDER
The first aider is the person or recuer who administers first aid.
Being first aider comes with roles and responsibilities. Below are
examples of these.
[Link] the gap between the patient and the doctor.
[Link] the safety of oneself, the patient, and even the
bystanders.
[Link] the situation and the victim.
[Link] the surrounding threats to the victim.
[Link] immediate and proper care to the injured person.
THE FIRST AIDER
[Link] or record important information about the
situation and the victim for proper endorsement to the
medical professionals upon their arrival.
[Link] over the injured when professional help arrives.
A FIRST AIDER SHOULD BE...
Gentle
Observant
Resourceful
Tactful
Empathetic
Respectful
BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Step 1 - Ask for help
Step 2 and 3 - Inspect the scene
Step 4 - Face the victim and introduce yourself
Step 5 - Intervene and conduct assessment
If the victim is conscious, ask him or her the
situation. Locate and assess the injury. Take
note of the details that the victim will tell you. If
you know the first aid procedures for the specific
injury, perform them. If you do not know the
proper emergency care, do not intervene. Stay
with the victim until the professional medical
care arrives.
IF THE VICTIM IS UNCONCIOUS, PERFORM THE
FOLLOWING STEPS
[Link] the shoulder gently and check if conciousness may return.
[Link] the vicrim does not respond, perform primary assessment.
ABC of first aid
• Airway
Give attention to the airway
Ensure airway is clear and unobstructed
IF THE VICTIM IS UNCONCIOUS, PERFORM THE
FOLLOWING STEPS
• Breathing
Determine adequacy of breathing
Provide rescue breathing if necessary
• Circulation
Assess the circulation through pulse check for less serious patients
Go straight to check compression to provide circulation
[Link] circulation is absent, perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation
(CPR). If the victim is not breathing, perform rescue breathing.
These two procedures make up basic life support.
[Link] circulation and breathing are present, conduct secondary
assessment. Secondary assessment is composed of three major
components.
• History
The first aider must ask about the victim’s medical information
by thinking of the acronym SAMPLE:
SAMPLE:
S- signs and symptoms felt by the victim
A- allergies that the victim has
M- medication that the victim is currently taking
P- previous medical conditions tha the victim had
L- last oral intake of the victim
E- events that led to the emergency situation
The first aider must check for the following
• Vital signs
[Link] pulse rate or breathing
[Link] of pupils
[Link] in skin color or body temperature
[Link] level if consciousness (being half-awake)
• Head-to-toe examination
The first aider must think of acronym DOTS to inspect the victim
D- deformity of fractures
O- open wounds
T- tender parts
S- swollen parts
BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Step 6 - Remeber and record the procedures
done
Step 7 and 8- Stay with the victim until
professional care arrives.
Tell the medical professionals about the
situation and the first aid procedures performed
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
People who experience cardiac arrest,
electrocution, or drowning often lose
consciousness, pulse, and breathing. Basic life
support is a set of skills and procedures done to
revive the person to regain his or her pulse and
breathing. It includes a method called
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Chest compression is the act of mimicking the
heartbeat so blood flow may return. It is done by
applying the force on the chest of the victim.
Rescue breathing refers to the act of providing
air to the victim. It is done after chest
compressions by blowing into the victim’s
mouth or nose in order to provide oxygen.
