CYCLOIDAL GEAR BOX

Project By:-
 Topics Covered
 Abstract
 Introduction
 Objective
 Working
 Advantages
 Future Reference
 Conclusion
 Reference
 ABSTRACT
 
The word Cycloid, with its adjective Cycloidal, is derived from
Hypocycloid which describes the curve traced by a point on the
circumference of a smaller circle rotating inside the circumference of a
larger fixed circle.  Just like words such as helical, worm, spur, and
bevel, cycloidal is a generic adjective; it merely describes the gearing
mechanism inside the speed reducer. 

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 INTRODUCTION
• In the picture above the central gray colored shaft is the input shaft. The same
shaft is shown yellow in the picture below. It is made with an eccentric cam at the
end of the shaft. The cam sits inside the center of the cycloid disc. As it rotates the
cam moves the cycloid disc in a circular orbit. The outer fixed pins and rollers
restrain the disc and force it to roll around inside the ring of fixed pins. As the disc
rolls it moves the inner set of pins and roller attached to the output shaft.
• One rotation of the cam moves the cycloid disc over one outer pin. As the disc
rotates the inner pins are forced around with it at the speed of the disc. This
means that there is a reduction in gearing and the output turns at slower
revolutions than the input shaft.
 INTRODUCTION
• The nature of the design makes their size much smaller than a
conventional toothed gear drive for the same gearing ratio. This means
you need less space to mount them. They weigh less and are more easily
maneuvered by installation and repair personnel. The smaller internals
and sliding action of the rotating components makes the gearbox quieter
than conventional gearboxes.
• They are ideal where shock loads are expected because all the parts are in
compression and not in tension, as is the case with conventional gearbox
teeth. Their quietness makes them ideal to use where operators need to
work close to equipment or for equipment located near offices, hospitals
and the like. Their reliability and longevity is outstanding!
 OBJECTIVE

1. To reduce the size of gear box

2. To make collinear gear box
3. To make light weight gearbox
4. To make low price gear box
 WORKING
- As the input shaft turns, the eccentric bearing goes into a rocking motion.  This
rocking motion exerts an outward radial force on the cycloidal disc
 WORKING
Confined inside the ring gear housing with pins/rollers, the cycloidal disc goes into a planetary motion
as the eccentric bearing turns.  Refer to Figure 2, as a smaller circle rotates inside the circumference of
a larger circle, the smaller circle goes into a planetary motion.  Relative to its own center, the smaller
circle is rotating in the CCW direction.  However, relative to the center of larger circle, the smaller circle
is advancing in the CW direction. (Figure 2, left)  Cycloidal mechanism works the same way.  The
smaller circle as described earlier is now almost as large as the larger circle and has the shape of a
cycloidal disc.  The larger circle now has the shape of a ring gear with pins/rollers. (Figure 2, right)  As
the eccentric bearing drives the cycloidal disc, the cycloidal disc rotates in one direction relative to its
own center.  However the cycloidal disc advances in the opposite direction relative to the center of the
speed reducer.  This planetary motion looks almost like the wobbling movement of hula hoops.
 
As the eccentric bearing turns one revolution, the cycloidal disc advances in the opposite direction by
(360/L) degrees or (P/L) pitches of pins/rollers. (Figure 3)  The output direction of cycloidal reducer with
single stage reduction equals to the opposite of input direction.

In order to convert the wobbling motion of a cycloidal disc into the smooth concentric movement of
output shaft, several output shaft rollers are placed inside the small circles of a cycloidal disc.  These
rollers are also attached to the output shaft pins.  The difference (2C) between the diameter of output
shaft roller and the small circle is exactly twice the eccentricity (C) of eccentric bearing.  This distance
(2C) is also the radial difference between the valley and crest of a cycloidal disc lobe.
 WORKING
With the arrangement above, the mechanism is capable of converting the rocking motion of an
eccentric bearing into the wobbling planetary motion of a cycloidal disc.  This motion is then
transformed to the smooth concentric movement of output shaft through the output shaft rollers.  The
speed reduction is achieved, and torque transmission is accomplished.
 WORKING
To understand the operating principle, you should first know how to determine the reduction ratio of a
cycloidal reducer.

Ratio = (P-L) / L

Where  P = Number of ring gear pins/rollers

            L = Number of lobes on a cycloidal disc

For example, please refer to drawing on the right, the number of ring gear pins/rollers (P) equals 12,
and the number of lobes (L) on the cycloidal disc equals 11. 

Ratio = (12-11) / 11 = 1 / 11 = 11:1

 ADVANTAGES

1. Rolling Contact - All major torque transmitting components roll;

they do not slide.  Rolling motion contributes to minimal friction
and high efficiency.  Single stage efficiency approaches 93%, and
double stage efficiency approaches 86%.

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 ADVANTAGES
2. Torque transmitting elements experience COMPRESSION; they do not shear
-  Unlike involute gear mechanism which has only 1 or 2 teeth to absorb the entire
shock load with possible gear teeth breakage, at least 66% of ring gear rollers and
cycloidal disc lobes share the shock load under compression (Frame size B10 and
above with twin disc design).  In addition, major torque transmission components
inside the DARALITM Cycloidal Reducers are made of 52100 (JIS SUJ2) bearing
grade steel and heat treated to Rockwell Hardness of HRC 61~63.  The end result
is that DARALITM Cycloidal Reducers are capable of withstanding intermittent
shock load up to 500% of its catalog torque rating.

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 ADVANTAGES
3. Compactness - Unlike helical speed reducers which require
additional stages to achieve higher reduction ratio (increased
size/weight, decreased efficiency, more bearings and gears to
maintain), changing the ratio of DARALITM Cycloidal Reducers (up to
87:1) involves only the changing of ring gear rollers, cycloidal disc
lobes, and eccentric bearing.  The physical dimensions of speed
reducers remain the same.

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 ADVANTAGES
4. Excellent performance against worm gear reducers - Rolling
motion creates minimal friction.  Minimal friction contributes to minimal
wear and minimal heat generation.  Worm gear reducers performance
are greatly limited by thermal rating.  DARALITM Cycloidal Reducers
with rolling components internally, enjoy minimal heat loss.  The
thermal capability of each frame size and ratio of DARALITM Cycloidal
Reducers exceed its mechanical capability.  Worm gear reducers are
characterized by lower efficiency;  you can select a smaller size
DARALITM Cycloidal Reducer and still enjoy larger output power.  The
end result is longer service life and tremendous energy saving !!

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 COST ESTIMATION
SR.NO. NAME OF THE PART SPECIFICATION COST RS.

1. MOTOR ¼ HP 1440 RPM 1500

2. PULLY 10 “ & 2” 450
3. BELT V BELT 150
4. BASE C CHANNEL 250
5. MAIN SHAFT MS DIA 400
6. GEAR BOX CASING MILD STEEL 1800

7. CLAMPING BOLT 3/8 “ 150

8. MAIN ROLLER STD 2000
BEARING
9. CYCLOIDAL DISC MILD STEEL 800

10. PIN MILD STEEL 120

11 ECCENTRICITY MILD STEEL 300
12 OIL SEAL BEARING STD 160

TOTAL

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 REFERENCE
 [1] D.W. Botsiber, L. Kingston, Design and performance of the cycloid speed reducer, Machine Design 28 (1956)
65–
69.
[2] S.K. Malhotra, M.A. Parameswaran, Analysis of a cycloid speed reducer, Mechanism and Machine Theory 18 (6)
(1983) 491–499.
[3] J.G. Blanche, D.C.H. Yang, Cycloid drives with machining tolerances, ASME Journal of Mechanisms,
Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111 (1989) 337–344.
[4] D.C.H. Yang, J.G. Blanche, Design and application guidelines for cycloid drives with machining tolerances,
Mechanism and Machine Theory 25 (5) (1990) 487–501.
[5] F.L. Litvin, P.H. Feng, Computerize design and generation of cycloidal gearing, Mechanism and Machine Theory
31 (7) (1996) 891–911.
[6] H.S. Yan, T.S. Lai, Geometry design an elementary planetary gear train with cylindrical tooth-profiles, Mechanism
and Machine Theory 37 (8) (2002) 757–767.
[7] X. Li, W. He, L. Li, L.C. Schmidt, A new cycloid drive with high-load capacity and high efficiency, ASME Journal
of Mechanical Design 126 (2004) 683–686.
[8] J.E. Shigley, J.J. Uicker Jr., Theory and Machines and Mechanisms, McGraw-Hill, 1980.
[9] J. Davidson, K.H. Hunt, Robots and Screw Theory, Applications of Kinematics and Statics to Robotics, Oxford
University Press, 2004.
[10] J.S. Dai, D.R. Kerr, Geometric analysis and optimization of symmetrical Watt 6-bar mechanisms, Journal of
Mechanical Engineering Science, Proceedings of IMechE 205 (C1) (1991) 275–280.
[11] E.P. Pollitt, Some applications of the cycloid machine design, ASME Journal of Engineering for Industry 82
(1960)
407–414.
[12] F.L. Litvin, Gear Geometry and Applied Theory, PTR Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 1994.

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THANK YOU