HUM 1021

Ethics and Values

Module 4: Addiction and Health
FALL Semester 2020-2021
Dr. Awani Bhushan
[Link]@[Link]
Mobile No: 9559915183
MODULE:4
Addiction and Health
1. Peer pressure
2. Alcoholism: ethical values, causes, impact, laws, prevention
3. Ill effects of smoking
4. Prevention of suicides
5. Sexual Health: Prevention and impact of pre-marital pregnancy and sexually
transmitted diseases
PEER PRESSURE

[Link] pressure that you feel to behave in a certain way because your friends

or people in your group expect it.

2.A feeling that one must do the same things as other people of one's age and

social group in order to be liked or respected by them.

[Link] pressure is the direct influence on people by peers.

[Link] pressure can result in either a positive or negative effect, or both.

Types of Peer Pressure
1. Spoken Peer Pressure

2. Unspoken Peer Pressure

3. Direct Peer Pressure

4. Indirect Peer Pressure

5. Negative Peer Pressure

6. Positive Peer Pressure

PEER PRESSURE EXAMPLES
Positive Peer Pressure
1. Healthy discussion in a group can improve your self-confidence
2. Punctually going to college can be positive vibe
3. Following the rules (govt/traffic) can keep you out of trouble
4. Respecting others will help you go far
5. Being honest helps people trust you
6. Exercising is good for stress and fitness
7. Avoiding drugs can keep you out of jail/trouble/penalties/relationships
8. Working hard leads to achievement of your goals
9. Listening to your favorite music
[Link] your religion
11. Volunteering an event
[Link] other people’s/students by shares your knowledge
Negative Peer Pressure
1. Drinking alcohol while you are underage can lead to jail

2. Smoking is very addictive and can result in lung cancer

3. Experimenting with drugs can be deadly

4. Physical fight lead to an assault charge

5. Stealing something valuable can lead to imprisonment or a fine or both

6. Having sexual relations

7. Bullying or teasing others

8. Putting your health at risk with too much bodybuilding or dieting

9. Skipping school for a silly reason

10. Driving fast or drag racing

HOW TO INFLUENCE POSITIVE PEER PRESSURE

1. Influence by friendship

2. Update them with real facts

3. Feedback and advice

4. Power of socializing

5. Share your real experiences/incidents

HOW TO HANDLE PEER PRESSURE

1. Pursue your own interests

2. Say ‘no’ to the things don’t like

3. Don’t judge every situation in life instantly

4. Your Friends don’t have to agree on everything you say

5. Talk to proctor

6. Talk to parents in a unique way to express your situation

7. Social media can be helpful

8. Know person online chatting

9. Talk to an old friend

[Link]/Workout/outdoor activity
Alcoholism: ethical values, causes, impact, laws, prevention
Alcoholism
1. Alcoholism, more appropriately referred to as alcohol use disorder (AUD)

2. It can be called as continued excessive or compulsive use of alcoholic drinks

3. It is a chronic, a progressive, potentially fatal disorder marked by excessive and usually compulsive

drinking of alcohol leading to psychological and physical dependence or addiction.

4. Person under alcoholism may harm physical himself or others and might lead to social or legal

consequences.
Ethical Values
1. It’s common knowledge that alcohol can be a dangerous product if not used responsibly.

2. Nearly 88,000 people die from alcohol-related causes each year

3. Alcohol kills 2.6L Indians every year: WHO report

4. Almost 1 lakh deaths that occur on India’s roads every year are indirectly related to alcohol abuse

5. Another 30,000 deaths among cancer patients every year can also be traced to use of alcohol

6. Liver cancer is the biggest health problem posed by alcohol use with 1.4 lakh deaths every year.

7. According to research from Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), kids who start drinking are seven times more

likely to cause an alcohol-related crash, and teen alcohol use results in more than 6,000 deaths per year.
CAUSES

1. Biological Factors
• For some, alcohol gives off feelings of pleasure, encouraging the brain to repeat the behavior.
repetitive behavior like this can make you more vulnerable to developing alcoholism.
• If these genes are passed down through generations, family members are much more prone to
developing drinking problems.

2. Environmental Factors
• People who live closer to people with AUD establishments more positive outlook on drinking and
are more likely to participate in the activity.
• Researchers have examined person develops attraction to AUD if they stay/work near alcohol retail
stores or bars affect their chances of alcoholism.
3. Social Factors

• Starting college or a new job can also make you more susceptible to alcoholism.

• To make new friends and develop relationships with peers.

• The desire to fit in a team.

• If you are heading to every company happy hour

4. Psychological Factors
• People with high stress, anxiety and other mental health conditions.
• Depression
• Bipolar
IMPACT
HEALTH
FAMILY

1. Damaged family relationships

2. Developmental issues in neglected children

3. Domestic abuse

4. Drained family finances

SOCIETY

 Healthcare costs

 Crime

 Law enforcement

 Motor vehicle crashes

 Alcohol Abuse

 Alcohol-Related Aggression and Violence

LAWS
• The legal drinking age and laws for consumption of alcohol vary significantly from state to state.
• Liquor in India is generally sold at liquor stores, restaurants, hotels, bars, pubs, clubs and discos but online.
DRINK AND DRIVE LAW
• If a person is found driving his vehicle in a drunken state and if his Blood Alcohol Level (BAL)
exceeds 30 mg of intake per 100 ml of blood, he will be punishable under the law.
• The punishment involves imprisonment up to 6 months and a fine.

DRY DAYS IN INDIA

There are some dry days in India which ALL the states are bound to follow.
Dry days are those days when the sale of alcohol is prohibited.
There are some days specifically when the sale of alcohol is prohibited.
• Republic Day (26 January),
• Independence Day (15 August) and
• Gandhi Jayanti (2 October)
PUBLIC DRINKING
Consuming alcohol at public places will attract a fine of Rs 5,000 and if the offender creates nuisance
than the fine shall be up to Rs 10,000 with a jail term of three months.
 
DRY STATES IN INDIA
The following is the list of the states which are known as the “DRY STATES”
1. GUJARAT- The sale and consumption of liquor has been banned in the State since 1960.
2. BIHAR- A total ban on alcohol was introduced in the State from April 4, 2016.
3. NAGALAND- The sale and consumption of alcohol has been banned since 1989.
4. MANIPUR – Partial prohibition of alcohol has been observed in the State since 2002.
5. LAKSHADWEEP- Consumption of liquor is only permitted in the island of Bangaram.
PREVENTION

1. Consult government helpline : 9022771011 / 022-65055134 / info@[Link]

2. Reduce intensity

3. Slow and steadily switch to healthy alternatives

4. Join support group

5. Rehabilitation

6. Avoid company of drug addicts

7. Seek positive friends

8. Get involved in activities

ILL EFFECTS OF SMOKING
SMOKING
1. Smoking, the act of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning plant material.
2. A variety of plant materials are smoked, including marijuana and hashish.
3. The act is most commonly associated with tobacco as smoked in a cigarette,
cigar, or pipe.
4. Tobacco contains nicotine, an alkaloid that is addictive and can have both
stimulating and tranquilizing psychoactive effects.
5. Smoking has spread around the world despite medical, social, and religious
arguments against it.
1. Going Blind
2. Type 2 Diabetes
3. Gum Disease
4. Fertility Issues
5. Hip Fractures
6. Colorectal Cancer
7. Arthritis
8. Cleft Lip
PREVENTION OF SUICIDES
 SUICIDE
 

• Suicide is death caused by injuring oneself with the intent to die.

• A suicide attempt is when someone harms themselves with the intent to
end their life.
• About 10,00,000+ people die by suicide worldwide every year
• Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and West Bengal had the highest proportion of
suicides.
Common misconceptions about suicide
1. Myth: People who talk about suicide won’t really do it.
Fact: Almost everyone who attempts suicide has given some clue or warning.
2. Myth: Anyone who tries to kill themselves must be crazy.
Fact: Most suicidal people are not psychotic or insane.
3. Myth: If someone is determined to kill themselves, nothing is going to stop them.
Fact: Even a very severely depressed person has mixed feelings about death
4. Myth: People who die by suicide are people who were unwilling to seek help.
Fact: Many people try to get help before attempting suicide.
5. Myth: Talking about suicide may give someone the idea.
Fact: You don’t give someone suicidal ideas by talking about suicide.
Warning signs of suicide
1. Talking about suicide
2. Seeking out different ways of suicide
3. Keen focus on death
4. No hope for the future
5. Self-hatred
6. Making out a will
7. Saying goodbye in Unusual or unexpected ways
8. Withdrawing from relations with others
9. Self-destructive behavior
[Link] sense of calm
Suicide Prevention Online support
1. If You Know Someone in Crisis Call the 91-9820466726
2. Services are free and available 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
3. All calls are confidential.
4. AASRA can be contacted at 9820466726 with Hindi / English or
[Link]

Three major prevention acts

1. Speak up if you’re worried 
2. Respond quickly in a crisis
3. Offer help and support from your end
Level of Suicide Risk
1. Low –No suicide plan.

2. Moderate –Vague plan that isn’t very lethal.

3. High –Specific plan that is highly lethal.

4. Severe –Guarantee plan that is sure shot confirm.

Ways to start a conversation about suicide
“I have been feeling concerned about you lately.”

“Recently, I’ve noticed some differences in you and wondered how you are doing.”

Questions you can ask about suicide

“When did you begin feeling like this?”

“Did something happen to make you start feeling this way?”

DO AND DON’T
DO
1. Listen
2. Show sympathy
3. Offer hope
4. Take the person seriously
 

DON’T
5. Argue with the suicidal person
6. Act shocked
7. Promise confidentiality
8. Blame yourself
Best ways to help a suicidal person
1. Get professional help

2. Follow-up on treatment

3. Motivation

4. Be proactive

5. Encourage positive lifestyle

6. Make a safety plan

7. Remove potential means of suicide

8. Continue your support over the long time

Common suicide risk factors include
1. Mental illness

2. Alcoholism

3. Drug abuse

4. Previous suicide attempts

5. Family history of suicide

6. History of trauma or abuse

7. Chronic pain

8. A recent loss

9. Stressful life event

[Link] isolation
Warning signs in TEENS
1. Change in eating menu

2. Sleeping habits

3. Withdrawal from friends and family

4. Violent behavior

5. Bullying

6. Running away

7. Drug and alcohol use

8. Unusual neglect of personal appearance

9. Difficulty concentrating

[Link] in the quality of schoolwork

Suicide in the elderly people
1. Recent death of a loved one

2. Isolation

3. Loneliness

4. Physical illness

5. Disability

6. Pain

7. Major life changes, such as retirement or loss of independence

8. Loss of sense of purpose

9. Reading about death and suicide

10. Changes in sleep patterns

SEXUAL HEALTH: PREVENTION AND IMPACT OF PRE-MARITAL PREGNANCY

1. Premarital sex is sexual activity practiced by people before they are married.

2. It can also be defined as activity connected with intimate physical contact between individuals.

3. Historically, premarital sex was considered a moral issue which was taboo in many cultures.

4. About 16 million adolescent girls between 15 and 19 give birth each year.

5. Babies born to adolescent mothers account for roughly 11% of all births worldwide and 95% occur in

developing countries.
SIX MAJOR RECOMMENDATION BY WHO
 

1. Reduce marriage before the age of 18 years

 

2. Over 30% of girls in developing countries marry before 18 years of age

3. Around 14% do so before the age of 15

4. In many places, laws do not prohibit marriage before the age of 18

5. Educating girls has a positive effect on their health, the health of their children, and that of

their communities
2. Create understanding and support to reduce pregnancy
before the age of 20 years
 

1. Worldwide, one in five women has a child by the age of 18.

2. In the poorest regions of the world, this rises to over one in three women.

3. Adolescent pregnancies are more likely to occur among poor, less educated and rural

populations.

4. Policy-makers must give strong and visible support for efforts to prevent early pregnancy.

Specifically, they must ensure that sexuality education programs are in place.
 
3. Increase use of contraception
 

1. Sexually active adolescents are less likely to use them than adults

2. In many places, laws and policies prevent the provision of contraceptives to unmarried or

younger adolescents

3. Policy-makers must sure adolescents can have contraception when need

4. Financial constraints can adversely impact contraceptive use among poorer adolescents
4. Reduce forced SEX
 

1. Girls in many countries are pressured into having sex, often by family members.

2. In many places, law enforcement officials do not actively pursue forced sex and it is

often difficult for victims to seek justice.

3. Victims and their families must feel safe and supported when approaching the

authorities and seeking justice.

4. Girls may feel powerless to refuse unwanted sex.

5. Reduce unsafe abortion
 

1. An estimated 3 million unsafe abortions occur globally every year among adolescent girls 15

to 19 years of age.

2. Policy-makers must support efforts to inform adolescents of the dangers of unsafe Abortion

and to improve their access to safe abortion services.

3. They must also improve adolescent access to appropriate post-abortion care

4. All adolescent girls must be informed about the dangers of unsafe abortion.
 
6. Increase pregnancy care
 

1. Policy-makers must develop and implement legislation to expand access to skilled care,

especially for adolescent girls.

2. Policy-makers must take care to expand access to emergency services, especially for

pregnant adolescent girls.

3. Lack of information is a significant barrier to seeking services.

4. It is important to spread accurate information on the risks of not utilizing skilled care for

both mother and baby.

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES (STDs)
1. It is type of diseases which is passed from one person to another through sexual contact.

2. It is generally caused by unprotected fornication.

3. STDs used to be called venereal diseases or VD.

4. STDs don't always cause symptoms.

5. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening

condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Types of STDs
 

• Chlamydia
• Gonorrhoea
• Trichomoniasis
Symptoms
 

1. Discharge of unusual color fluids from identified organs

2. Unusual smelling
3. Blood bleeding
4. Pain during fornication
5. Poor function of Lymph
6. Failure of Nodes
7. Lower abdominal pain
RISK FACTORS

1. Having unprotected intercourse

2. Oral interaction can be risky too
3. Mingling with multiple partners
4. Having a history of STDs
5. Forced to have an activity
6. Misuse of drinks
7. Injecting drugs
 
PREVENTION
 

1. Don’t do it if there is risk

2. Stay away with one uninfected partner
3. Wait and test
4. Get vaccinated
5. Use of contraceptive
6. Don't drink and perform
7. Communicate with partner regarding STDs
THANK YOU