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Quantitative vs Qualitative Research Guide

This document provides an overview of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research uses numerical data analyzed statistically, while qualitative research uses descriptive data analyzed through summarization, categorization, and interpretation. The type of research method used determines how the researcher identifies data and conducts analysis. Key terms like hypothesis, sample size, and validity are also defined. An example is given showing how the same research question on student satisfaction could be approached through either quantitative or qualitative methods.

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Ann Yhel Maningas
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62 views22 pages

Quantitative vs Qualitative Research Guide

This document provides an overview of quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research uses numerical data analyzed statistically, while qualitative research uses descriptive data analyzed through summarization, categorization, and interpretation. The type of research method used determines how the researcher identifies data and conducts analysis. Key terms like hypothesis, sample size, and validity are also defined. An example is given showing how the same research question on student satisfaction could be approached through either quantitative or qualitative methods.

Uploaded by

Ann Yhel Maningas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Practical Research I

Quarter 3 – Module 3
Quantitative and
Qualitative
Research
There are two broad categories of research
methodology: quantitative research and
qualitative research. The method to be used in
conducting research will determine the
approach the researcher takes in identifying
relevant data and collecting and analyzing the
information gathered in the research. Choosing
either a quantitative or qualitative approach will
affect the components of the research.
For you to easily understand the
similarities and differences between the
two research methods, here is a short
definition of terms that you have to be
familiar with.
•contact time – the period when the researcher
interacts with the research subjects or
participants to obtain relevant information

•hypothesis – a statement usually predicting the


relationship between variables that can be tested
by scientific research

•outlier – a statistical observation in a set of data


that is inconsistent with the majority of the data
•output replicability – capable of repetition,
imitation or reproduction

•research instrument – a measurement tool


designed to obtain, measure and analyze data
from research subjects around the research topic

•sample size – the number of subjects to be


taken from the target population of the study
•trend – an assumed development in the future that
will have a long-term and lasting effect; prevailing
style or preference

•validity – the functional quality of the research


instrument on obtaining data and producing results
based on the purpose of the study

•variable – any characteristic that can have different


values or traits that may vary across research
participants
Generally, quantitative and qualitative research differs
in the type of data they produce. The former dwells on
the collection of numerical data analyzed by statistical
analysis, while the latter deals with descriptive, in-
depth, and holistic data analyzed by summarizing,
categorizing, and interpreting.

On this note, you need to use quantitative research if


you want to confirm or test a theory or hypothesis and
use qualitative research if you want to understand
concepts, thoughts, and experiences.
Here is a simple example on how you can
apply two methods differently on
the same research question,
“How satisfied are students with their
studies?”
In quantitative research, you may survey 250
students at your school and ask them a question,
“On a scale from 1-5, how satisfied are you
with your studies?”

Then, you can perform statistical analysis on


the data and draw conclusions such as: “On
average, students rated their studies 4.1”.
In qualitative research, you may conduct in-depth
interviews with 15 students and ask them for open-
ended questions such as: “How satisfied are you with
your studies?”, “What is the most positive aspect of
your study program?”, and “What can be done to
improve the study program?”

Based on their answers, you can ask follow-up


questions to clarify things. Furthermore, you can
transcribe all interviews and try to find patterns and
commonalities.
Here are some examples of research
conducted by Abdullah (2019; 2020) to
give you a glimpse on how the two
methodologies can be applied in different
studies.
Practical Research I

Quarter 3 – Module 3

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