HUMAN COMPUTER
INTERACTION
Mobile Ecosystem
[Link],
Associate Professor,
SRMIST, Ramapuram
Introduction – Mobile Ecosystem
Mobile is an entirely unique ecosystem and like the Internet,
it is made up of many different parts that must all work
seamlessly together. However, with mobile technology, the
parts are different, and need to understand the mobile
ecosystem.
When we want to pull something from the Internet, use a tool,
like a piece of software or mobile device, to interact with it.
If the Internet is a cloud, then the mobile ecosystem would
be the atmosphere, made up of many clouds, keeping the
clouds from drifting off into space
The mobile ecosystem is a system of layers, as shown in
Figure 4.1. Each layer is reliant on the others to create a
seamless, end-to-end experience.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Mobile Ecosystem
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Operators
Operators can be referred to as Mobile Network Operators
(MNOs);
◦ mobile service providers,
◦ wireless carriers, or simply carriers;
◦ mobile phone operators; or cellular companies.
Operators are the gatekeepers to the kingdom.
◦ They install cellular towers,
◦ operate the cellular network,
◦ make services (such as the Internet) available for mobile subscribers,
◦ often maintain relationships with the subscribers,
◦ handling billing and support,
◦ offering subsidized device sales and a network of retail stores.
The operator’s role in the ecosystem is to create and maintain a
specific set of wireless services over a reliable cellular network.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Networks
Operators operate wireless networks. Cellular
technology is just a radio that receives a signal from an
antenna. The type of radio and antenna determines the
capability of the network and the services you can
enable on it.
The vast majority of networks around the world use
the GSM standard using GPRS or GPRS EDGE for 2G
data and UMTS or HSDPA(High-Speed Downlink
Packet Access )for 3G.
CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) and its 2.5G
hybrid CDMA2000, which offers greater coverage
than its more widely adopted rival can also be used.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Devices
The phones in the mobile industry calls as
handsets or terminals.
Types
◦ feature phones
◦ Smart phones
Market place
◦ Feature phones - largely be located in emerging and
developing markets
◦ Smart phone - growing with the introduction of the
iPhone and devices based on the Android platform.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Breakdown of devices
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Platforms
To run software and services on each of
these devices, a platform is needed,
or
a core programming language in which
all of your software is written.
Platforms
◦ licensed
◦ Proprietary
◦ Open source.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Platforms - Licensed
Licensed platforms
◦ sold to device makers for nonexclusive
distribution on devices.
goal
◦ to create a common platform of development
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs)
that work similarly across multiple devices
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Platforms - Licensed
Java Micro Edition (Java ME)
◦ Licensed subset of the Java platform
◦ provides a collection of Java APIs for the development of
software for resource constrained devices such as phones.
Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW)
◦ Interface-independent platform that runs a variety of application
frameworks, such as C/C++, Java, and Flash Lite.
Windows Mobile
◦ licensable and compact version of the Windows operating system,
LiMo
◦ Linux-based mobile platform created by the LiMo Foundation.
◦ licensed mobile platform used for mobile devices.
◦ includes SDKs for creating Java, native, or mobile web applications using the
WebKit browser framework.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Platforms -Proprietary
designed and developed by device makers for
use on their devices.
Palm
Palm OS platform based on the C/C++ programming
language
Windows Mobile-based platform
webOS, is based on the WebKit browser framework
BlackBerry
Java-based platform, used exclusively by their BlackBerry
devices.
iPhone
Mac OS X as a platform for their iPhone
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Open Source
mobile platforms
◦ freely available for users to download, alter,
and edit.
◦ newer and slightly controversial
◦ increasingly gaining traction with device
makers and developers.
Android
◦ developed by the Open Handset Alliance,
which is spearheaded by Google.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Operating systems
Often have core services or toolkits that enable applications to
talk to each other and share data or services.
Most common OS:
◦ Symbian
open source operating system designed for mobile
devices, with associated libraries, user interface
frameworks
◦ Windows Mobile
Mobile OS that runs on top of the Windows Mobile
platform.
◦ Palm OS
used in Palm’s lower-end Centro line of mobile phones.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Operating systems
◦ Linux
used as an operating system to power
smartphones, including Motorola’s RAZR2.
◦ Mac OS X
specialized version of Mac OS X used in Apple’s
iPhone and iPod touch.
◦ Android
runs its own open source operating system, which
can be customized by operators and device
manufacturers.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
Application frameworks often run on top of operating systems, sharing core services
◦ Communications
◦ Messaging
◦ Graphics
◦ Location
◦ Security
◦ authentication and many others.
Types
◦ Java
◦ S60
◦ BREW
◦ Flash Lite
◦ Windows Mobile
◦ Cocoa Touch
◦ Android SDK
◦ Web Runtimes (WRTs)
◦ WebKit
◦ The Web
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
◦Java
written in the Java ME framework (Micro
Edition (Java ME) provides a robust, flexible
environment for applications running on
embedded and mobile devices in the Internet of
Things: micro-controllers, sensors)
deployed across the majority of Java-based
devices and Most are purchased and distributed
through the operator,
but they can also be downloaded and installed
via cable or over the air.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
◦S60
Series 60, for devices that run the
Symbian OS(OS is used primarily by
Nokia with its S60 user interface
and by Sony Ericsson with its UIQ
user interface)
associated with Nokia devices and
created in Java, the Symbian C++
framework, or even Flash Lite.
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
◦BREW
BREW-based devices(Binary
Runtime
Environment for Wireless, opensource
app development platform for wireless
devices equipped with CDMA)
slightly less cross-device adaption than other
frameworks
must go through a costly and timely
certification process and only then it can be
distributed [Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
◦Flash Lite
Adobe Flash Lite -create vector-based
applications and uses the Flash Lite and
ActionScript frameworks
◦ Windows Mobile
written using the Win32 API
can be deployed across the majority of
Windows Mobile-based devices
can be downloaded and installed over the air or
loaded via a cable-connected computer
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
•Cocoa Touch
used to create native applications for the iPhone and
iPod touch.
applications must be submitted and certified by
Apple before being included in the App Store
Then, applications can be purchased, downloaded,
and installed over the air or via a cable-connected
computer.
•Android SDK
to create native applications for any device that runs
the Android platform
developers can write applications in C/C++ or use a
Java virtual machine included
[Link], Associate inSRMIST,
Professor, the OSRamapuram
Application Frameworks
•Web Runtimes (WRTs)
Nokia, Opera, and Yahoo! provide
various Web Runtimes
miniframeworks, based on web
standards, to create mobile
widgets(a web widget is a
software widget for the web. It's a small
application with limited functionality
that can be installed and executed
within a web page by an end user.)
[Link], Associate Professor, SRMIST, Ramapuram
Application Frameworks
•WebKit
browser technology, so applications can be
created simply by using web technologies
such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
can be run and tested in any WebKit
browser, desktop, or mobile device
•The Web
only application framework that works
across virtually all devices and all platforms
most rapidly growing mobile application
platforms to date.
