PRESENTATION ON
ELECTRONIC FUEL INJECTION
SUBMITTED TO:-
SUBMITTED BY:-
MR ARVIND KUMAR SATYA PRAKASH
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR) ME 3B 1416440126
INTRODUCTION
All new cars produced today are equipped with fuel injection systems instead
of carburettors.
Difference between carburettor and fuel injection system include:
Fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly pumping it through a small
nozzle under pressure, the exact quantity of gas needed is injected into the
cylinders, but a carburettor releases the vacuum created by intake air
rushing through it to add the fuel to the air stream.
A carburettor has no electronic parts and thus does not need an electricity
supply, while the fuel injection system has variable electronic control
system.
Fuel injection systems vary widely, but most are operated or managed
electronically.
Fuel injection is more precise, easier to adjust and more consistent than a
carburettor, delivering better efficiency and air pollution control.
NEED FOR FUEL INJECTION
• In carburetor engine uniformity of mixture is difficult in
each cylinder.
• As a result gasoline moves to the end manifold and
accumulates their and hence the last cylinder gets richer
mixture and richness decreases towards the near
carburetor.
Components of electronic
fuel injector
MULTIPOINT FUEL
INJECTION
• One injector for each cylinder and supply
proper ratio of gasoline.
• 2 different types are:-
• Port injection
• Throttle body injection.
• Multipoint fuel injection.
Throttle Body Injection
• Uses one or two injectors.
Injectors (pulse) spray fuel into
the top of throttle body air horn.
• Atomized fuel mixes with air and
drawn into the engine.
Fuel pressure regulator is spring
loaded and is part of the housing.
• Fuel is being injected whenever the
engine is running, also called CIS:
Continuous Injection System.
EFI
EFI Multi port Injection System
• Injector is pressed into the runner(Port)
in the intake manifold.
• Injector sprays towards an engine
intake valve.
• Each cylinder has it’s own
injector
EFI Direct fuel Injection System
• Injectors are pressed into the
combustion chamber and spray fuel
directly into the combustion chamber.
Fuel Injection System
• Uses pressure (not Vacuum) from
an electrical pump to spray fuel
into the intake manifold.
• Provides the engine with proper
air-fuel ratio (14.7 : 1)
Fuel Injection System
Engine Throttle Valve
• Controls air flow and gasoline to power engine.
• When valve is closed it restricts air-flow and the resulting
flow of fuel into the engine.
• When accelerator is pressed, the air-flow is increased in the
intake manifold.
• Engine sensors detect the resulting changes and increase fuel
flow through the injectors.
Fuel Delivery system
• Electrical Fuel Pump draws fuel from tank and forces it
into the regulator.
• Pressure Regulator controls the amount
of pressure that enters the injector and any
extra fuel is returned to the fuel tank.
• Fuel Injector is simply a coil or solenoid
operated valve.
• Spring pressure holds the injector closed.
• When engaged, the injector sprays fuel
into the engine.
Injector Pulse Width indicates the time each
Injector is energized (Kept Open).
Air Induction System
• Air filter
• Throttle valve
• Sensors
• Connecting ducts
Fuel Injection System
Electronic Fuel Injection uses various engine sensors and control
module to regulate the opening and closing of injector valve.
Sensor System
• Monitors engine operating condition and reports this information
to ECM (computer).
• Sensors are electrical devices that change resistance or voltage
with change in condition such as temperature, pressure and position.
Oxygen Sensors
Oxygen Sensor measures the oxygen content in engine exhaust.
• Mounted on the exhaust system before the
catalytic converter.
• Voltage out-put of O sensor changes with
the change in oxygen content of exhaust.
• Lean mixture decreases the voltage.
• Rich mixture increases the voltage.
• Signal is sent to ECM and the ECM changes the time that an injector
is open or close.
Engine Sensors
Inlet Air Temperature Sensor
• Measures the temperature of air entering the engine.
• Cold air (more dense) = More fuel for proper AF ratio.
Temperature Sensors
• Resistance can be checked by dipping it in hot Vs cold water.
Cold = Low resistance.
Hot = High resistance.
Computer Control System
• Uses electrical data from the sensors to control the operation of
the fuel injectors.
• Engine Control Module (ECM)- “Brain” of the electronic fuel
injection.
Electronic control unit (ECU)
It is the electronic
system, which
receives signals from
sensor and determine
the opening time for
injector also controls
injection volume.
Engine Idle Speed Control
Idle Air Control Motor (IAC)
• Computer opens the valve when temperature sensor signals
a engine at idle load and less power requirement
• Open = More Air = Increased Idle Speed.
Fuel Injection System
Advantages
• Improved Atomization
• Better fuel flow
• Smoother idle
• Improved fuel economy
• Lower emissions
• Better cold weather drivability
• Increased engine power
• Simpler
DISADVANTAGES
• High maintenance cost
• Difficulty in servicing
• Due to malfunctioning of sensor entire
system goes out of action
CONCLUSION
By using fuel injection system, the power available at the shaft can be
saved by using compressor with cut-off system instead of fuel pump
which continuously operates and receive the power from engine.
By using fuel injection system, we can maintain the air-fuel ratio
same as in case of normal engine without the carburetor.
By using fuel injection system , we can reduce the fuel consumption of
engine up to little extent but definite amount.
By using fuel injection system, the engine can be run economically
with prolonged application over the cost of compressor and micro
compressor.
By using fuel injection system, the brake thermal efficiency can be
increased.
REFERENCES
1. Welshans, Terry (August 2013). "A Brief History of Aircraft Carburetors and
Fuel Systems". enginehistory.org. US: Aircraft Engine Historical Society.
Retrieved2016-06-28.
2. Hartmann, Gerard (2007-08-05). "Les moteurs et aéroplanes Antoinette"
[Antoinette engines and aeroplanes] (PDF) (in French). hydroretro.net.
Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-14. Retrieved 2015-05-01.
3. Lindh, Björn-Eric (1992). Scania fordonshistoria 1891-1991 (in Swedish).
Streiffert.ISN 978-91-7886-074-6
4. Olsson, Christer(1990). Volvo – Lastbilarna igåroch idag(in Swedish).
Förlagshuset Norden.IBN 978-91-86442-76-7.
5. "The Direct Injection Engine Will Likely Power Your Next Car".
HybridKingdom.com. 2009. Retrieved 2015-05-01.
