Sucofindo Tanjung Bara

Sampling Training
 Sampling
Why do we sample? (organise picture of
ship, coal preparation, stockpile, sample
container)
1. Monitor quality
2. Control quality
3. Commercial
4. Efficiency
 Sampling Standards
 ISO 1988 – Hard coal - Sampling
 ISO 9411 – Solids mineral fuels –
Mechanical sampling from moving streams
 BS 1017 – Sampling of Coal and Coke
 ASTM D2234 – Practice for Collection of a
Gross Sample of Coal
 Seven Golden Rules
1. A number of increments are required to
make up the sample.
2. Increments must be “cuts” which traverse
or intersect the whole width and thickness
of the coal stream, usually at a transfer
point or through a falling stream.
3. The mass of the increment to be taken
must be known.
 Seven Golden Rules
(Continued)
4. The sampling implement must intersect
the falling stream of material at constant
velocity.
5. The width of the sampling implement or
cutter must be at least 3 times the nominal
top particle size of coal being processed.
 Seven Golden Rules
(Continued)
6. The increment must never over fill the
sample collection container.
7. During subdivision to produce a
representative sub-sample, size reduction
by crushing must always precede sample
division and a minimum mass must be
retained.
 Precision and Bias
Precision – a term used to indicate the capability
of a person, an instrument, or a method to obtain
repeatable results; specifically, a measure of the
chance error as expressed by the variance, the
standard error, or a multitude of the standard error.
Bias – an error that is consistently negative or
consistently positive. The mean of errors resulting
from a series of observations which does not tend
towards zero.
Imprecise and Inaccurate
Precise but Inaccurate - Bias
Precise and Accurate
 Loss of Fines - Bias
Ro s in-Ra mmle r Plo t

99
95
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
15
10
8
6
4
2
1

0.1 1 10 100
S iz e (mm)
Impact of Bias on Prima Coal
Influence of Bias

30 16

14
25
“Normal” Ash = 2.8%
12
20 Bias Ash = 2.5%
10
Error 8.8%
Mass %

Ash %
15 8

6
10
4
5
2

0 0
0 0,125 0,25 0,5 1 2 4,75 6,7 11,2 22,4 31,5
Size (mm)

Ash on Size Total Ash - No Bias Total Ash - bias Mass on Size - No Bias Mass on Size - Bias
Impact Of Bias on Preparation
 No-one sees bias unless they look for it!
 Ignorance is no excuse – “the analysis is
correct for the sample received” is NOT the
answer.
 If Sucofindo analysis does not match with
“umpire” analysis, Sucofindo’s reputation is
tarnished and our jobs are on the line!
 What do we do?
 Treat every sample with respect. Take your time
and process it correctly!
 Follow the relevant quality procedures correctly.
 Do NOT tolerate spillages – spillages indicate
bias.
 Use the correct equipment for the job
 Do not process excessive sample masses
 Keep equipment clean. Precondition as required