Quadratics
Equations
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What is a Quadratic equation?
An equation with as the
highest term is known as a
quadratic.
General form :
Which of the following
equations are a quadratic?
(Yes or No) If yes,
determine the value of a,b,c
• (Yes) a=1, b=0, c=-4
• (No)
• (Yes) a=4, b= -2, c=0
• (Yes) a= 4, b=-1, c=-11
• (No)
• (Yes)
Drawing a
quadratic
Equation
• To draw a quadratic equation,
we need a table of points.
Steps:
1. Obtain the points for the
equation
2. Plot the points
3. Connect the points with a
smooth curve
Drawing a quadratic
• Let us draw the quadratic equation over the
domain
• Note – an example of what is meant by a
smooth curve is given in the image to the
right.
Table of Values
a=1, a is positive , open upwards
f(-3) = (-3)^2 + 3
= 12 x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
(-3,12),(-2,7),(-1,4) F(x) 12 7 4 3 4 7 12
(0,3),(1,4),(2,7),(3,12)
Plotting the points
(-3,12) (-2,7)
(-1,4) (0,3)
(1,4) (2,7)
(3,12)
Final Graph
Shape of a
Quadratic
Equation
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The shape of a quadratic equation is called a
parabola. It is basically a curved shape
Quadratic equation opening upwards or downwards.
Key features of a
A quadratic equation has either a maximum
point or a minimum point depending on if the
graph is opening upwards or downwards.
The roots of a quadratic equation is where
the curve crosses the x-axis. This is where
y=0
The discriminant
• Does the quadratic equation has any real
roots?
• To determine if a graph has real roots or not,
we use something called the discriminant.
• A=1, b=0, c=3
• Formula:
(0)^2 – 4(1)(3) = -12
• If > 0. There are two real roots
• If = 0. There is one real root
• If < 0. There are no real roots
Find the discriminant of the following equation and
hence determine the number of real roots they have.
1. 5
2. 10
3. -5
For the quadratic equation over the domain
1. Sketch the graph of the quadratic equation
2. From the graph determine:
a. The roots
b. The y-intercept
c. Whether the graph open upwards or downwards.
Question d. Whether there is a maximum or minimum value
e. State the maximum or minimum value
3. Without the use of the graph determine:
a. Whether the quadratic equation open upwards or
downwards, giving a reason for your answer.
b. The number of real roots the quadratic equation
has.
y=
y=(5)^2 +7(5)+6
= 66
(5,66)
x -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
y 6 0 -4 -6 -6 -4 0 6 14
(-7,6)
(-6,0)
(-5,-4)
.
.
.
(1,14)
B^2 – 4ac
(7)^2 – 4(1)(6) = 25
B=7
A=1
C=6
Answer
• 1.
a. The roots are (-6,0) and (-1,0)
b. The y-intercept is (0,6)
c. Upwards
d. There is a minimum value
e. The min value is -6.25
2.
a. Upwards because the coefficient of is positive
b. The discriminant is 25 which is >0. Therefore,
there are two real roots
Multiplication by 0
1. Find the value of if:
A. x=6, the value is 8
B. X=4 the value is 0
C. X=2 the value is 0
2. Find the value of if:
D. x=6
E. X=3
F. X=-5
1. What is the value of A if
A. , A=0
B. , A=0
2. If find
a) A if B=5, A=0
b) B if A=5, B=0
If this implies
A=0 and B=anything
OR
B=0 and A=anything
• Find a and b if:
If
Either a =0 OR b-1
b=1
Therefore, a = 0 OR b=1
• What values of x satisfy the following equations?
1.
either x-1=0 OR x-2=0
x=1 or x=2
either x + ½ = 0 OR 2x-2=0
x= -1/2 OR 2x=2
x=1
• When we are given a quadratic equation, we can
often factorize the left-hand side into two linear
factors.
• To factorize a quadratic equation in the form
Solving ,
we follow the steps:
Quadratic 1. Identify the value of b
Equations by 2. Identify the value of ac
Factorization 3. Find two numbers whose sum is b and product is
ac
4. Rewrite the quadratic equation with the two
numbers
5. Factorize the first 2 and last 2 terms
• Factorize the quadratic equation
Step 1: b=6
Step 2 : ac = = -7
Step 3: the two numbers are 7 and -1
7+(-1)= 6
7 x -1 = -7
Step 4:
Step 5:
• Factorize the quadratic equation
Step 1: b=-5
Step 2 : ac=4
Step 3: -1 and -4
-1+(-4)=-5
-1x-4=4
Step 4:
Step 5:
Hence, solve the quadratic equation = 0
=0
Either x-1=0 OR x-4=0
x=1 or x=4
These are the x coordinates of the roots of the quadratic equation
• Factorize the quadratic equation
Step 1:
Step 2 :
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
• Solve the quadratic equation
• Solve the quadratic equation
• Solve the quadratic equation
Solve the following equation
x=
x=3,-3
Examples
where b=0 x=
x=12,-12
= 4
5x =
x= 2/5 or -2/5
Solve the following equation
x(3x+2)=0
Examples where either x=0 or 3x+2 = 0
c=0 3x= -2
x= -2/3
x(7x-12)=0
either x=0 or 7x-12=0
x = 12/7
A.
Exercise B.
either x=0 or x-1=0 or x-2=0
x=0 or x=1 or x=2
