Collections-List
Collections in Python are containers that are used to store collections
of data, for example, list, dict, set, tuple etc. These are built-in
collections.
• A list is a kind of collection
• A collection allows us to put many values in a single variable
• A collection is nice because we can carry many values around in
one convenient package.
• List constants are surrounded by square brackets and the elements in
the list are separated by commas
• A list element can be any Python object(the elements can be of
varying types) – even another list
• A list can be empty (Also a list can contain any number of objects,
from zero to as many as your computer’s memory will allow)
• Lists are ordered.
• List elements can be accessed by index.
• Lists are mutable.
• Lists are dynamic.
• Lists can contain any arbitrary objects & Lists can be
nested to arbitrary depth.
The order in which you specify the element when you define a list
is an innate characteristic of that list and is maintained for that list’s
lifetime
Lists Are Ordered:
>>> a = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux’]
>>> b =['baz', 'qux', 'bar', 'foo’]
>>> a == b
False
>>> a is b
False
>>> [1, 2, 3, 4] == [4, 1, 3, 2]
False
List elements can be accessed by index
• Individual elements in a list can be accessed using an
index in square brackets.
• This is exactly analogous to accessing individual
characters in a string.
• List indexing is zero-based as it is with strings.
>>> a = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux', 'quux', 'corge']
List Indices
Slicing also works. If a is a list, the
expression a[m:n] returns
the portion of a from index m to, but not including,
index n:
>>> a = ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'qux', 'quux', 'corge’]
>>> a[2:5]
['baz', 'qux', 'quux']
Lists can be nested to arbitrary depth
L = ['a', 'b', ['cc', 'dd', ['eee', 'fff']], 'g', 'h']
Lists are mutable
• Lists are mutable, meaning their elements can be changed unlike string
or tuple.
• We can use the assignment operator (=) to change an item or a range of items.
# Correcting mistake values in a list
odd = [2, 4, 6, 8]
# change the 1st item
odd[0] = 1
print(odd)
# change 2nd to 4th items
odd[1:4] = [3, 5, 7]
print(odd)
Lists are dynamic
x = []
n = input("enter length")
for i in range(1, int(n)):
k=input("enter value")
[Link](k) # push your entered value
print(x)
List Comprehension
Normal manipulation using for loop:
pow2 = []
for x in range(10):
[Link](2 ** x)
Using List Comprehension
pow2 = [2 ** x for x in range(10)]
print(pow2)
List Comprehension –It is an elegant and concise
way to create a new list from an existing list in
Python.
A list comprehension consists of an expression
followed by for statement inside square brackets.
• In maths, the common ways to describe lists (or sets, or
tuples, or vectors) are:
• S = {x² : x in {0 ... 9}}
• V = (1, 2, 4, 8, ..., 2¹²)
• M = {x | x in S and x even}
• In other words, you'll find that the above definitions tell you
the following:
• S is a sequence that contains values between 0 and 9
included, and each value is raised to the power of two.
• The sequence V, on the other hand, contains the value 2
that is raised to a certain power x. The power x starts from
0 and goes till 12.
• Lastly, the sequence M contains only the even elements
from the sequence S.
• S = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
• V = [2**i for i in range(13)]
• M = [x for x in S if x % 2 == 0]
List Comprehension-Applications
Qn1. filter out values divisible by 2.
[Link] all the very first element of list as
elements inside a list.
Qn3. Flatten a given list.
