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Understanding Avogadro's Number

This document discusses key concepts in chemistry including molar mass, moles, Avogadro's number, and stoichiometry. It explains that molar mass is used to convert between mass and moles of a compound. The mole is a unit used to count particles at the molecular level, and Avogadro's number relates moles to numbers of particles. Stoichiometry uses molar ratios in chemical equations to interconvert between masses, moles, and numbers of particles in chemical reactions. The document emphasizes that chemical calculations rely on conservation of mass and mole conversions.

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keimorales001
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Fertilizer Composition,
  • Chemical Reagents,
  • Chemical Calculations,
  • Molar Mass,
  • Chemical Composition,
  • Chemical Theory,
  • Chemical Standards,
  • Avogadro's Number,
  • Chemical Properties,
  • Chemical Solutions
67 views14 pages

Understanding Avogadro's Number

This document discusses key concepts in chemistry including molar mass, moles, Avogadro's number, and stoichiometry. It explains that molar mass is used to convert between mass and moles of a compound. The mole is a unit used to count particles at the molecular level, and Avogadro's number relates moles to numbers of particles. Stoichiometry uses molar ratios in chemical equations to interconvert between masses, moles, and numbers of particles in chemical reactions. The document emphasizes that chemical calculations rely on conservation of mass and mole conversions.

Uploaded by

keimorales001
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topics covered

  • Fertilizer Composition,
  • Chemical Reagents,
  • Chemical Calculations,
  • Molar Mass,
  • Chemical Composition,
  • Chemical Theory,
  • Chemical Standards,
  • Avogadro's Number,
  • Chemical Properties,
  • Chemical Solutions

Chapter 6

Calculations:
Formula Masses, Moles, and
Chemical Equations

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-1


Diamond is a covalent compound with many
carbon atoms

→ CO 6.1
Close-up of cut diamonds

© Foto Kormann/zefa/Corbis

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-2


Molar mass: The mass units

← Fig. 6.1
Oranges may be
bought in units of
mass or units of
amount.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-3


First chemical compound need to be weighed

→ Fig. 6.2
A basic process in
chemical laboratory
work is determining
the mass of a
substance.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-4


Mole is a counting unit used by chemists

← Fig. 6.3
Everyday counting
units.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-5


Unlike a dozen Avogadro’s number is large:
6.0022 x 10 23

→ Fig. 6.4
Amadeo Avogadro was
the first scientist to
distinguish between
atoms and molecules.

Edgar Fahs Smith Collection, University of


Pennsylvania

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-6


Formula Masses in grams gives a Mole of a
chemical compound

Fig. 6.5
The mass of a mole depends on the
substance.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-7


To get the Formula Masse first find the
types of atoms in the compound

← Fig. 6.6
A computer-
generated model of
the molecular
compound N2O4.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-8


Moles multiplied by Avogadro's number gives
number of atoms and molecules

Fig. 6.7
In solving chemical-formula-based problems, the
only “transitions” allowed are those between
quantities (boxes) connected by arrows.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-9


Law of conservation of mass/atoms
Fig. 6.8
When 16.90g of the compound CaS is decomposed
into its constituent elements, the Ca and S produced
has an identical mass of 16.90g.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-10


Conversion factors in chemical calculations:
Stoichiometry

 CAG 6.1

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-11


Mole conversion to grams and particles
•Moles multiplied by Avogadro's number gives number of atoms
and molecules( mole x N = particles)
•Mole multiplied formula mass gives grams. ( mole x F. M. = grams)
•Grams divided by formula mass gives moles. ( grams  F. M. = mole)

Fig. 6.9 In solving chemical-equation-based problems,


the only “transitions” allowed are those between
quantities (boxes) connected by arrows.

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-12


What does 16-20-0 means in fertilizer?
NITROGEN 16.0% PHOSPHATE 20.0%

 CC 6.1

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-13


Air bag should have right amount reactants to
produce gas or baby will crush.

← Fig. 6.10
Testing apparatus
for measuring the
effects of air bag
deployment.

Courtesy of Daimler Chrysler Corporation

Chemistry 120 Online LA Tech Chapter 6-14

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