Human Rights related organs of UN
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
• United Nations International Children’s
Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
• World Health Organisation (WHO)
• International Labour Organisation (ILO)
United Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
• Headquarters is in Paris, France
• encourages International peace and universal
respect for Human rights.
• seeks to build peace through international co-
operation in Education, Science and Culture in
order to increase universal respect for justice,
rule of law, and human rights along with
fundamental freedom proclaimed in the UN
Charter.
United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
• Head Quarters is in New York City, New York,
United States.
• created on 11 December 1946
• provides emergency food and healthcare to
children in countries that had been devastated
by World War II.
• In 1950, UNICEF’s mandate was extended to
address the long term needs of children and
women in developing countries.
World Health Organisation (WHO)
• Head Quarters is in Geneva, Switzerland
• established on 7 April 1948
• concerned with international public health.
• international public health, eradication of
various communicable diseases, mitigation of
the effects of non-communicable diseases, and
Food security, nutrition, healthy eating,
occupational health, substance abuse etc
• responsible for World Health Report, world-wide
World Health Survey and World Health Day
International Labour Organisation (ILO)
• Head Quarters is in Geneva, Switzerland
• a UN agency that sets international labour
standards and promotes social protection and
work opportunities for all.
• representatives from the government,
employers and employees openly debate and
create labour standards.
Indian Constitution and Human Rights
• Part III (Fundamental Rights)
• Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy)
Constitutional provisions related to Human
rights
• The Preamble
• Fundamental Rights
• Fundamental Duties
• Directive Principles of the State policy
Fundamental rights differ from ordinary
rights
• Fundamental rights are inviolable.
• No law, ordinance, custom, usage, or
administrative order can abridge or take them
away.
• The judicially enforceable fundamental rights
which encompass all seminal civil and political
rights and some of the rights of minorities are
enshrined in Part III of the Constitution
(Articles 12 to 35).
Fundamental Rights
• right to equality (Articles 14 to 18)
• right to freedom (Article 19
• right to life (Article 21)
• Cultural and educational rights of minorities
(Articles 29-30)
• right to judicial remedies (Article 32)
• Article 32 provides for the Constitutional
Remedies, under which, one can move the
Supreme Court for the enforcement of the
Fundamental Rights and this provision itself is
made one of the Fundamental rights.
• Article 226 – one can move High Courts for the
enforcement of Human Rights.
• Article 20 - protection in respect of conviction for
offences, to those accused of crimes.
three clauses to this article
(i) Protection against ex - post, facto legislation - a
person cannot be punished under such a law, for his
actions which took place before the passage of the
law.
(ii) Protection against double punishment - no person
shall be prosecuted for the same offence more than
once
(iii) Protection against self-incrimination - no person
accused of an offence shall be compelled to be a
witness against himself.
Directive Principles of State Policy
• directives to the country and an aid to policy making (i.e.,
the obligations the State must fulfill, even though it may
not be immediately possible to realize for the citizens in
view of the lack of resource and other constraints)
• right to work in just and humane conditions
• right to living wages
• public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age,
sickness
• right to education
• free and compulsory education for all children below the
age of 14
• right to hazard free environment
• Article 50 - The State cannot discriminate in
granting aid to any educational institution on
the ground that it is under the management of
a religious or linguistic minority.
• Article 46 - Ensuring education and economic
development of scheduled castes, scheduled
tribes, and other weaker sections of society is
guaranteed.
