I N T R O TO

Liter
at ur
L I T E R AT U R E
Pr ose e
Poe tr
y
Dra m
a
 Literatu r e
From the Latin word Littera
meaning “ l e t t e r s ” and
referring to an
acquaintance with letters.
L i t e ra t u r e 01 Po e t r y
is
Divided
into Two
02 P r o s e
Categories
 Po e t r Prose
y It is defined as the most
It is a lyrical form of writing. It
has a structure, format and general form of written
rhyming in the sentences. language that is not used for
formal patterns of a verse.
TY P E S
OF
PROSE
1. NOVELS 3. PlayS
- A long narrative divided into - This is presented on a
chapters and events are taken stage, is divided into acts
from a true to life stories. and each act has many
scenes.

2. SHORT 4. LEGENDS
STORIES - These are fictitious
- This is a narratives, usually about
narrative origins.
involving
one or more characters, one plot and
one single impression.
5. FABLES 7. ESSAYS
- These are also fictitious and - This expresses the
they deal with animals and viewpoint or the opinion of
inanimate things who speak the writer about a particular
and act like problem or event.
people.

8. Biography
6. Anecdotes - This deals with the life of a
- These are merely products of person which may be about
the writer’s imagination and himself, his autobiography or
the main aim is to bring out other people.
lessons to the reader.
9. News 10. Oration
- This is a report of everyday
- This is a formal treatment of
events in society, government,
a subject and is intended to be
science and industry, and
spoken in public.
accidents, happening nationally
or not.
TY P E S
OF
P O E TR Y
N a r r a t i v e Po e t r y
Describe important e v e nts in life either real or
imaginary. The different vearieties are:
1. E P I C
This is a n extended narrative about heroic exploits
often under supernatural control.
2. M E T R I C A L TA L E
This is a narrative which is written in v e r s e a nd can
be classified either a s a blaad or metrical romance.
3. B A L L A D
Of the narrative poems, this is considered the shortest
and simplest.
Lyri c P o e t r y
This refers to that kind of poetry meant
to be s u n g to the accompaniment of a
lyre, but now, this applies to a n y type of
poetry that expresses emotions and
feelings of the poet.
• They are usually short, simple,
and e a s y to understand.
Lyric Poetry 2. SONNETS
This is a lyric poem of 14 lines
1. FOLKSONGS (Awiting dealing with an emotion, a
Bayan) feeling, or an idea.
These are short poems
intended to be sung. The
common theme is despair, 3. ELEGY
grief, doubt, joy, hope, and This is a lyric poem which
sorrow. expresses feelings of a grief
and melancholy, and
whose theme is death.
 Lyric Poetry
6. AWIT (Song)
4. ODE
These have measures of twelve
This is a poem of noble feeling, syllables and slowly sung to the
expressed with dignity, with no accompaniment of a guitar or
definite numbers of syllables or banduria.
lines in a stanza.
7. CORRIDOS (Kurido) These
5. PSALMS (Dalit) have a measures of eight
This is a song praising God or syllables and recired to a martial
the Virgin Mary beat.
and
containing a philosphy of life.
DRAMA
D r a m a on the other hand, is a mo d e of
fictional representation through
dialogue and performance. It is one of
the literary genres, which is an
imitation of s o m e action. D r a m a is
also a type of a play written for
theater, television, radio, and film.
DRAMA
• compositionin v e r s e or prose presenting a
story in pantomime or dialogue.
• contains conflict of characters,
particularly the ones who perform in
front of audience on the stage.
• person who writes d r a m a for stage
directions is known a s a “dramatist” or
“playwright.”
T Y P E S O F D R A M A2. MELODRAMA
This is usually used in musical
1. COMEDY
plays with the opera.
The word comedy comes from
the Greek term “KOMOS” 3. TRAGEDY
meaning festivity or revelry. This involves the hero
This form usually has a happy struggling mightily againste
ending. dynamic forces; he meets death
or ruin without success
and satisfaction obtained by
the protagonist in a comedy.
TYPES OFDRAMA
5. Musical Drama
4. FARCE In musical dramas, dramatists
This is exaggerated comedy. It not only tell their stories through
seeks to arouse mirth by acting and dialogue, but through
laughable lines; situations are dance as well as music. Often
too ridiculous to be true; the the story may be comedic,
characters seem to be caricatures though it may also involve
and the serious subjects.
motives undignified and
absurd.
ELEMENTS OFDRAMA
2. Characters
1. S e t t i n g are the people in the play and
Identifies the time and place in thus considered as the principal
which the events occur. It material in a drama.
consists of the historical period,
3. Plot
the moment, day and season in
which the incidents take place. the series of events that form the
It also includes entirety of the play. It serves as a
the sceneries in the structural framework which
performance which are brings the events to a cohesive
usually found in the form and sense.
preliminary descriptions.
ELEMENTS OFDRAMA
4. Theme
5. Style
Is consider as unifying element Refers to the mode of
that defines the dramatized idea expression or presentation of
of the play. It is the over-all the play which points out the
sense or implication of the playwright’s position or
action. It defines the problem, viewpoint in life.
emphasizes the ethical 6. Dialog
judgment and suggest The story is narrated to the
attitude or course of action audiences through the
that eliminates the crisis is interaction between the play's
an acceptable way. characters, which is in the
form of dialogs.