UNIVERSITY:MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY.
COLLAGE :COLLAGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Department :Electrical and Power Engineering
Module name: Basics of Electrical Installation and
Maintenance
Module Code: EE 6117
Number of Credits: 6
NTA :6 (First Year)
PRESENTER:
MAKUNJA OBEID BWIRE
TA.
• An electrical installation is a combination
of electrical equipment installed from a common electrical supply to
fulfill a particular purpose.
• Electrical wiring is generally refers to insulated conductor used to carry
current and associated device.
•Domestic electric appliances like lights, fans, washing machines, water
pumps etc are connected to the supply through insulated wires which are
controlled by switches.
•The wiring diagram gives the connections of different appliances to the
supply within a house or building.
• State electricity board provide electric supply
up to a point outside the consumer premises.
From this point consumer take the connection to
his main board . Insulated electrical wires will be
taken out to various places in the permises to
supply power to different type of loads like lights ,
fans , refrigerators , room coolers , heaters,etc.
• The conductor material, insulation , size and the
number of cores, specifies the electrical wires.
• The conductors are usually of either copper or
aluminium.
• Various insulating materials like PVC,TRS and VIR
are used.
• The wire may be of single strand or multi strand.
• Wires with combination of different diameters and
the number of cores or strands are available.
• The selection of the wire is made depending on
the requirement considering factors like current
and voltage ratings, cost and application.
• The current carrying capacity depends on
the total area of the wires.
WIRING TYPES
Wires are drawn along the consumer’s building
to distribute power to all points where load is
situated.
Types of wiring according to uses;
1. Domestic wiring.
2. Commercial wiring.
3. Industrial wiring.
• 1. life of installation
• 2. future extension or alterations
• 3. construction of building
• 4. fire hazards or other special conditions
• 5. corrosive fumes
• 6. dampness
• 7. type of wire and material used
• 8. nature of load (lighting of power)
• 9. safety of the system
• 10. cost of wiring system
• Durability : Type of wiring selected should
conform to standard specifications, so that it is
durable i.e. without being affected by the weather
conditions, fumes etc.
• Safety : The wiring must provide safety
against leakage, shock and fire hazards for the
operating personnel.
• Appearance : Electrical wiring should give
an aesthetic appeal to the interiors.
• Cost: It should not be prohibitively expensive.
• Accessibility : The switches and plug points
provided should be easily accessible. There must
be provision for further extension of the wiring
system, if necessary.
• Maintenance Cost : The maintenance cost
should be a minimum.
• Mechanical safety : The wiring must
be protected against any
mechanical damage.
• These are the following types of wiring are:-
1. Cleat wiring
2. Wood casting wiring
3. CTS wiring or TRS wiring or Batten wiring
4. Conduit wiring
5. Metal sheathed wiring or lead sheathed wiring
• In this type of wiring , wood or plastc cleats are
fixed to walls or ceilings at regular intervals
.i.e.,0.6m between each cleat.
• PVC insulated cables are taken through the holes
of each cleat .
• Cleat support and hold wires.
• This is cheap method .
• Is used for temporary installations.
• It is not suitable for home .
• It is outdated methods
• This System uses insulated Cables sub protected in
porcelain cleats.
• In this cable is run through a wood casing having
grooves.
• The wood casing is of required fixed length with
parallel grooves that accommodates the cables.
• The wooden casing is fixed to the walls or ceiling with
screws.
• After placing the cables inside the grooves of casing , a
wooden cap with grooves is placed on it to cover the
cables.
• This is also cheap wiring system.
• There is a high risk of fire in case of short circuits.
• In this , insulated wires are run
through the straight teak wooden
battens.
• The wooden battens are fixed on
the ceiling or walls by plugs and
screws.
• The cables are fitted onto the
battens by using tinned brass link
clips.
• These clips are fixed to the battens
with rust-resistance nails.
• This wiring installation is simple
and cheap.
• This system takes less time to
install.
• These are mainly used for indoor
installations
• In this wiring , PVC cables are taken through either
PVC conduit pipes or through steel conduit pipes.
• This conduit wiring can be either surface conduit
wiring or concealed conduit wiring.
• If the conduits are run inside the surface of the
walls and ceilings and are covered with plastering,
it is called as conduit wiring.
• Surface conduit wiring is used in industries to
connect the heavy motors.
• Concealed wiring is the most popular and
common method of wiring in the
residential buildings.
• This method is the safest method of wiring and
also look beautiful.
• Electrical drawings plays an important role in
electrical installation works that they convey
information about connection of various devices
and equipments with mains.
• It provides the complete information,and also
helps to assemble the various equipments.
• It is a functional drawing which shows and
describes the main operating principles of the
equipments or devices.
• It consists of :-
-principle functions (represented by blocks)
- line connections (shows relationship between
them).
The diagram is usually drawn before implementing
a circuit diagram.
• Not give any detailed information.
• leaves the information about smaller cmponents.
• Is a simplified notation of an
electrical system.
• Called as one-line diagram or
single line diagram .
• Similar to the block diagram
• It consists of symbols to
represent the components.
• Lines to represent the wires
or conductors which
connects the components
together.
• the line diagram is
derived from the block
diagram.
• Electrical circuit is graphically represented in a
simplified manner.
• it gives the position information of
various elements (in cm or m or mm)
• Doesn’t give any layout of the parts and
their detail wiring information of the
components.
• One can do wiring by following the information
given in this diagram
• These diagram illustrate the working of an electric
circuit.
• Wiring diagram is a representation of the circuit ,
shows the wiring between parts or elements.
• Gives detailed information about wiring .
• It includes:-
-relative position
-arrangement of devices
-terminals on the devices
It shows power supplies and earth connections .
Colour coding of wires
Thank you
