Reading and Writing in the Second
Language
Mtra. Zulema Adame Cantorán
Reading and Writing in
the Second Language
Introduction
Reading and Attendance
Writing in the
Second Review Class Plan
Language
First Class Ice Breaker
Writing exercise
Roll the dice to break the ice
Choose one number from 1-12
Roll the Dice Break the Ice
1. My favorite show is…
2. My favorite movie is…
3. My favorite place is…
4. My favorite band/singer is…
5. My favorite author is…
6. My favorite book…
7. My favorite quote…
8. When I finish my career I want to..
9. If I could travel anywhere I would go…
10. The thing that makes me the happiest is…
11. My favorite subject is...
12. Make up your own question.
Writing Exercise #1
• Write down your name, age and at
least one of your hobbies.
• What do you expect to learn in this
class?
• Do you think this class will help you
in your academic life? In which way?
• Do you enjoy reading?
• What was the first book you ever
read?
• What is your favorite book/author?
Why?
• Do you enjoy writing?
• What do you write about?
Join our Classroom!
rfuemb6
Teamwork
• Work in groups of 2-3
• Discuss about the
punctuation rules that
you remember
Punctuation
Rules
#1
All Punctuations Must be Parallel
• This means that when a main clause is
interrupted with a comma or a dash, it
All must be interrupted with same
Punctuations punctuation marks at the beginning
Must be and at the end. Furthermore, it also
means that you must not use a
Parallel semicolon to differentiate just one
item in a list.
Incorrect: The teenagers, students from Mrs.
Mathew’s history class-went to the museum.
Correct: The teenagers, students from Mrs.
Mathew’s history class, went to the museum.
Correct: The teenagers-students from Mrs.
Mathew’s history class-went on a field trip to
Examples: the museum.
Incorrect: Jessica has lived in Dallas, Texas,
Seattle, Washington; and Stamford,
Connecticut.
Correct: Jessica has lived in Dallas, Texas;
Seattle, Washington; and Stamford,
Connecticut.
#2
2. A Colon Must Appear at the End of a Clause
2. A Colon
Must
Appear at • A colon must be used at the end of the
main clause. If the sentence is already
the End of complete, you may use a colon to add
a Clause a list, elaboration, or restatement.
List: I have three sisters: Grace, Meredith,
and Amelia.
Elaboration: I have decided not to move
to Los Angeles: I have been offered a
Examples: better job in Michigan.
Restatement: Thinking back, Derek
wasn’t sure who started yesterday’s fight:
he couldn’t decide whether it was his or
his friend Mark’s fault.
#3
Semicolons are Used for Equal
Emphasis
3. Semicolons are Used for Equal Emphasis
• A semicolon can connect two
related independent clauses in a
compound sentence as a substitute
to a coordinating conjunction.
Examples:
• With coordinating conjunction: Nathan
answered the question abruptly because he
was busy.
• With semicolon: Nathan answered the
question abruptly; he was busy
Capitalization and
punctuation
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Apostrophes
The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation
Using an apostrophe to
show singular possession
• Use the apostrophe to show
possession. To show possession with
a singular noun, add an apostrophe
plus the letter s.
• Examples:
a woman’s hat
the boss’s wife
Mrs. Chang’s house
Letter S
• Many common nouns end in the letter s (lens, cactus, bus,
etc.). So do a lot of proper nouns (Mr. Jones, Texas,
Christmas). There are conflicting policies and theories
about how to show possession when writing such nouns.
There is no right answer; the best advice is to choose a
formula and stay consistent.
Nouns ending in S
• Some writers and editors add only an apostrophe to all nouns
ending in s. And some add an apostrophe + s to every proper
noun, be it Hastings’s or Jones’s.
• One method, common in newspapers and magazines, is to add an
apostrophe + s (’s) to common nouns ending in s, but only a
stand-alone apostrophe to proper nouns ending in s.
• Examples:
the class’s hours
Mr. Jones’ golf clubs
the canvas’s size
Texas’ weather
Using an apostrophe to
show plural possession
Regular Nouns
• Regular nouns are nouns that form their plurals by adding either the
letter s or es (guy, guys; letter, letters; actress, actresses; etc.). To
show plural possession, simply put an apostrophe after the s.
• Correct: guys’ night out (guy + s + apostrophe)
Incorrect: guy’s night out (implies only one guy)
Correct: two actresses’ roles (actress + es + apostrophe)
Incorrect: two actress’s roles
Do not use
an • Incorrect: Apostrophe’s are
apostrophe confusing.
Correct: Apostrophes are confusing.
+ s to Incorrect: We’ve had many happy
make a Christmas’s.
Correct: We’ve had many happy
regular Christmases.
noun plural.
Irregular Nouns
• English also has many irregular nouns (child, nucleus,
tooth, etc.). These nouns become plural by changing their
spelling, sometimes becoming quite different words. You
may find it helpful to write out the entire irregular plural
noun before adding an apostrophe or an apostrophe + s.
• Incorrect: two childrens’ hats
The plural is children, not childrens.
Correct: two children’s hats (children + apostrophe + s)
Incorrect: the teeths’ roots
Correct: the teeth’s roots
• Incorrect: the Hastings’ dog
Correct: the Hastingses’
To show dog (Hastings + es +
apostrophe)
possession Incorrect: the Jones’ car
Correct: the Joneses’ car
, add an
Incorrect: the Birch’s home
apostrophe Correct: the Birches’ home
. Incorrect: the Sanchez’ new
baby, the Sanchezs’ new baby
Correct: the Sanchezes’ new
baby
Never use an apostrophe
to make a name plural.
• Incorrect: The Wilson’s are here.
Correct: The Wilsons are here.
Apostrophe
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Exercise : Apostrophes
• Punctuate the following sentences with apostrophes according to the rules for using
the apostrophe.
• 1. Whos the partys candidate for vice president this year?
• 2. The fox had its right foreleg caught securely in the traps jaws.
• 3. Our neighbors car is an old Chrysler, and I told him the other day
that its just about to fall apart.
• 4. In three weeks time well have to begin school again.
• 5. Didnt you hear that theyre leaving tomorrow?
Exercise: Apostrophes
• 6. Whenever I think of the stories I read as a child, I
remember Cinderellas glass slipper and Snow Whites wicked
stepmother.
• 7. We claimed the picnic table was ours, but the Jones children
looked so disappointed that we found another spot.
• 8. Its important that the kitten learns to find its way home.
• 9. She did not hear her childrens cries.
• 10. My address has three 7s, and Tims phone number has four
2s.
Exercise: Apostrophes
• 11. Didnt he say when he would arrive at Arnies house?
• 12. Its such a beautiful day that Ive decided to take a sun bath.
• 13. She said the watch Jack found was hers, but she couldnt
identify the manufacturers name on it.
• 14. Little girls clothing is on the first floor, and the mens
department is on the second.
• 15. The dogs bark was far worse than its bite.
Exercise: Apostrophes
• 16. The moons rays shone feebly on the path, and I heard a lone
crickets chirpings and whistlings.
• 17. Theyre not afraid to go ahead with the plans, though the choice is
not theirs.
• 18. The man whose face was tan said that he had spent his two weeks
vacation in the mountains.
• 19. I found myself constantly putting two cs in the word process.
• 20. Johns 69 Ford is his proudest possession.
The rules set forth in this section are
customary in the United States. Great
Britain and other countries in the
Commonwealth of Nations are governed
Quotation by quite different conventions.
Marks Nowhere is this more apparent than in
Rule 3a in this section, a rule that has the
advantage of being far simpler than
Britain’s and the disadvantage of being
far less logical
Rule 1
• Use double quotation marks
to set off a direct (word-for-
word) quotation.
• Correct: “When will you be
here?” he asked.
• Incorrect: He asked “when I
would be there.”
• Either quotation marks or italics
are customary for titles:
Rule 2 magazines, books, plays, films,
songs, poems, article titles,
chapter titles, etc.
Rule 3a • Periods and commas ALWAYS go
inside quotation marks.
• Examples:
• The sign said, “Walk.” Then it said,
“Don’t Walk,” then, “Walk,” all
within thirty seconds. He yelled,
“Hurry up”.
Use single quotation marks for
quotations within quotations.
Example: He said, “Dan cried,
Rule 3b ‘Do not treat me that way.’ ”
Note that the period goes inside
both the single and double
quotation marks.
Rule 4
• As a courtesy, make sure there is visible space at the start or
end of a quotation between adjacent single and double
quotation marks.
• He said, “Dan cried, ‘Do not treat me that way.’” Ample
space: He said, “Dan cried, ‘Do not treat me that way.’ ”
• Quotation marks are often used with
technical terms, terms used in an
unusual way, or other expressions
that vary from standard usage.
• Examples:
Rule 5a • It’s an oil-extraction method known
as “fracking.”
• He did some “experimenting” in his
college days.
• I had a visit from my “friend” the tax
man.
• Never use single quotation marks in sentences
like the previous three.
• Incorrect: I had a visit from my ‘friend’ the tax
man.
• The single quotation marks in the above
Rule 5b sentence are intended to send a message to
the reader that friend is being used in a special
way: in this case, sarcastically. Avoid this invalid
usage. Single quotation marks are valid only
within a quotation, as per Rule 3b, above.
Rule 6
• When quoted material runs more than one paragraph, start each new
paragraph with opening quotation marks, but do not use closing
quotation marks until the end of the passage.
• Example:
• She wrote: “I don’t paint anymore. For a while I thought it was just a
phase that I’d get over.
• “Now, I don’t even try.”
Famous quotes
• “The greatest glory in living lies not in
never falling, but in rising every time we
fall.” -Nelson Mandela
• “The future belongs to those who believe
in the beauty of their dreams.” -Eleanor
Roosevelt
• “You may say I'm a dreamer, but I'm not
the only one. I hope someday you'll join
us. And the world will live as one.” -
John Lennon
• “You must be the change you wish to see
in the world.” -Mahatma Gandhi
• “Be yourself; everyone else is already
taken.” -Oscar Wilde
My favorite quote
• Write your favorite
quote
• Explain why you like it
(50 words at least)
Hyphen
Hyphen
• Read the blue book –
Hyphen
• Write 20 sentences
using hyphen
Semicolon
Colon and
Semicolon
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Practice Exercise
• Insert any semicolons or commas needed in the following sentences.
• 1. He slept through his alarm luckily his first class was cancelled.
• 2. Tripping over the dog, I dropped my cup.
• 3. We practiced every day after school and all Saturday however we lost the game.
• 4. We baked six dozen cookies knowing that they always sell out fast.
• 5. At Halloween we gave out Reese's, Snickers, and Crunch bars, gumballs, caramels,
• and taffy, and apples and candy corn.
• 6. She's a little bit country, he's a little bit rock 'n roll.
• 7. You'll need to turn left on Cedar it's the third house on the right.
• 8. The rent is expensive moreover the house is pretty small.
• 9. I didn't study for the test I didn't have my notes having left them in the classroom.
• 10. Sam went skiing Terry however went snowboarding.
Grammar and
Vocabulary
Quiz
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Punctuation Quiz
Semicolon
Explain the
Parenthesis
punctuation
rule for the Hyphen
use of:
Quotation marks
Correct each sentence by adding or deleting punctuation marks.
• 1. Student’s at our high school organized a garage sale to raise money
for a local charity.
• 2. the trees leaned toward the north after the hurricane.
• 3. My brother likes oranges my sister hates them
• 4. Because her alarm was broken she missed her class.
• 5. In this case however I don’t think you were to blame
• 6. He accidentally drove down a one way street.
• 7. Margaret Atwood is a well known author in Canada and elsewhere
in the world
• 8. Her sister in law is the manager at the restaurant where I work.
• 9. The detective wearing the stereotypical trench coat took down my
statement.
• 10. The Raven is, I believe, one of Edgar Allan Poe’s best poems.
Correct each sentence by adding or deleting punctuation marks
• 1. where have you been all day
• 2. ill need two things a tent and a sleeping bag
• 3. i dont believe it
• 4. you are my friend my very best friend
• 5. how awful
• 6. move along theres nothing to see the police officer said
• 7. come back thats benjamins bike she yelled
• 8. fall is just around the corner
• 9. her brother in law is a lawyer.
• 10. my dad loves cake my mom hates it
Self-evaluation
• Classwork 50%
• Quiz 20%
• Project 20%
• Attendance 10%
• Opinion about the class
and your performance as
a student in Unit 1
Unit 2
The sentence
Unit 2
• Parts of the Sentence
• Subject and Predicate
• Direct and indirect objects
• Complements
• Phrases
• Types of clauses
Types of sentences
STRUCTURE SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX COMPOUND
COMPLEX
Purpose
Declarative
Interrogative
Exclamative
Imperative
Conditional
Rethorical
Order and structure of a sentence
Parts of
Speech
10 minutes 20%
Good content, grammar, spelling 20%
Presentations: Equal participation of all team members 20%
Parts of Activity/Video 20%
Speech
Citations (APA Format) 20%
Meme extra point
Parts of
Speech
Example
Kahoot Parts of Speech
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Direct and
Indirect Object
Identify the direct and indirect objects in the
following sentences.
•
1. Can you make me some tea?
2. I will get you something to drink.
3. My mother told me an interesting story.
4. I asked him the reason for his distress.
5. I gave her my books.
6. She asked me an important question.
7. Dad bought me a bicycle for my birthday.
8. Please bring me that file.
Answers
• 1. Can you make me (indirect object) some tea (direct object)?
• 2. I will get you (indirect object) something (direct object) to drink.
• 3. My mother told me (indirect object) an interesting story (direct object).
• 4. I asked him (indirect object) the reason (direct object) for his distress.
• 5. I gave her (indirect object) my books (direct object).
• 6. She asked me (indirect object) an important question (direct object).
• 8. Dad bought me (indirect object) a bicycle (direct object) for my
birthday.
• 9. Please bring me (indirect object) that file (direct object).
• 10. You still owe me (indirect object) a treat (direct object).
In the following exercise, underline the direct objects
once and underline the indirect objects twice. **Not
all sentences will contain direct and indirect objects.
• 1) We ate steak for dinner.
• 2) Snow and ice covered the streets.
• 3) She gives Jacob violin lessons.
• 4) Everyone loves candy.
• 5) The teacher gave us an assignment.
• 6) The children are playing.
• 7) I brought Diane a balloon.
• 8) Can you send me a letter?
• 9) The baby needs a nap.
• 10) The students asked the teacher many
questions.
Answers
• 1) Direct object: steak
• 2) Direct object: the streets
• 3) Direct object: violin lessons Indirect object: Jacob
• 4) Direct object: candy
• 5) Direct object: an assignment Indirect object: us
• 6) No direct or indirect object
• 7) Direct object: a balloon Indirect object: Diane
• 8) Direct object: a letter Indirect object: me
• 9) Direct object: a nap
• 10) Direct object: many questions Indirect object: the teacher
Self-evaluation
Unit 2
• Classwork 50%
• Presentation Parts of Speech 30%
• Reading recording 10%
• Participation 10%
• Write about your performance as a student
in this unit and your opinión about the class.
Unit 3
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Four Main Types of essay-types/#:~:text=Argumentative%20and
%20expository%20essays%20are,are%20the
Essays %20most%20common%20type.
Writing Exercise #1 Unit 3
• What is my favorite book/genre/magazine/blog to read and why?
• What is the topic that interests me the most and why?
• From the four main types of essays I learned about in class, which one
is my favorite and why?
Types of
essays
• Read and discuss
• Work in pairs
• Discuss with your partner your writing process
(Essay)Writing • What do you do first?
Process • What are the steps you follow
• Writer´s block
Read again Types of
Classroom Essays and write a
Assignment summary or make a
concept map
Kahoot: Types of
Essays
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Reading
Focus your attention
Read Steps for Essay in the last part of the
Writing Reading: The Essay
Writing Process
After reading
• Work in pairs
• Discuss with a partner
• Is the process discribed in this text similar to your
personal approach?
• Share with the class
Classroom: Writing
Exercise #2 Unit 3
• Describe your writing process
• Before writing
• During writing
• After writing
• Tips and ideas/Why do you think those steps work
for you?
• (200-250 words)
Transition
words
ks
Hooks
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Kahoot: Hooks
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Hook
• A hook is an opening statement
(which is usually the first
sentence) in an essay that
attempts to grab the reader’s
attention so that they want to
read on.
• A question hook is when you ask the reader
something that they can visualize and try to think
Question of in their own minds. Then, the writer answers
the question.
• Example: Have you ever watched the high-flying,
jump shooting, slam dunking, ankle breaking
players that play in the NBA? Every time I catch
a game on television and I witness the thrill of the
game, I can’t help but watch another one.
Quotation
• A quotation hook is when a quote is used and explained that has relevance to the topic at
hand. Make sure this quote comes from a credible source. Also, talk about the quote’s
meaning afterwards to ensure that the reader isn’t confused.
• Example: “Some people want it to happen, some wish it would happen, others make it
happen” said Michael Jordan, arguably the best player to ever play in the NBA. Here,
Jordan talks about how people want, dream, wish, and pray that they will one day make it
to the big stage. These are usually the people that never make it. It is only when these
dreamers and wishers take matters into their own hands and strive to be the best that they
actually get to play professional basketball in the NBA.
Statistic/Facts
• A statistic hook can be used for more informational pieces of writing. The writer uses a quote from
a source that relates to the main idea of the paper, but the quote must have some type of statistics,
such as numbers, decimals, or and/or percentages. The meaning and relationship of the quote to
the paper needs to be explained afterwards just in case the reader does not quite understand
• Example: “Just 0.00545 percent of the 550,000 boys playing high school basketball each year in
the United States become a first-round draft pick — 1 in 18,333” stated Jeff Rabjohns, a writer for
The Indianapolis Star, in an article titled “Prep players face long odds of making it to NBA.”
Basically, only a few high school players will make it to the NBA. Even though there are many
that strive, play, train, practice, and fight to be great, a huge majority of them do not make it.
Anecdotal
• When a writer uses a short story to relate to the topic and gain the reader’s attention, they are using an anecdote.
This story can be a short, personal story or one that is a figment of your imagination. Make sure that it relates to the
main idea of the paper. Show the relevance that it has to the topic of the paper.
• Example: When I was in high school, I remember playing in an AAU basketball league. We had to travel to
downtown Philadelphia on the weekends for basketball practice. Each and every time we had basketball practice
(which was at 8 a.m.), there was a boy around my age in the gym by the time we arrived. He was always covered in
sweat, throwing up shots, practicing his layups, practicing his dribbling, and running laps around the gym. He was
in such great shape. One day, I mustered up the courage to ask his about his ambitions, and he told me that he gets
up at 5:30 a.m. to go to the gym and practice hard until my team comes in for practice. A few years later, this guy
was entering the NBA draft from high school. When I saw him get drafted by the Philadelphia 76ers, I knew exactly
why. All that hard work had paid off for him. This is the hard work ethics and mindset that everyone that wants to
make it to the NBA should have.
Read the sentences, explain what type of hook
is each one.
• Creating family memories that last a lifetime is more about spending quality time together than it is
about spending money.
• Would your family have enough food to eat if commercially processed food became unavailable for an
extended period of time?
• “An elderly person came to buy a TV, asked the shopkeeper if they had colored TVs. When told that
they are available, he asked to purchase a purple one.”
• Owning a dog can have a positive impact in your health, happiness and safety.
• Just how much screen time is too much for elementary school-aged children?
• How important is it for YouTubers to use search engine optimization (SEO) strategies?
• Reports have shown that almost two-thirds of adults in the United States of America have lived in a
place with at least one gun, at some point of their life.
• “It is noted by Allison Komet from the Psychology Today magazine that people lie in every one out of
five conversations that last for at least 10 minutes.”
• Growing a vegetable garden provides food security, meeting an important need for modern families
in these uncertain times.
• Will we see record-breaking voter turnout in this year’s presidential election?
Argumentative essay
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7a488124cfa4
Strategies for
planning an essay
Strategies for
planning an essay
• Some writers just simply write a
paper before planning it out, un
aware that creating a strategy fo
r the
paper and mapping their topic o
ut could heighten the quality of t
he paper.
Explore the possibilities and use
what you feel works best for you
!
The writing process
Read the following thesis statements. On a separate piece of paper, identify each as weak or strong. For those that are weak,
list the reasons why. Then revise the weak statements so that they conform to the requirements of a strong thesis. Rewrite the
weak ones.
1.The subject of this paper is my experience with ferrets as pets.
2.The government must expand its funding for research on renewable
energy resources in order to prepare for the impending end of oil.
3.Edgar Allan Poe was a poet who lived in Baltimore during the
nineteenth century.
4.Because many children’s toys have potential safety hazards that could
lead to injury, it is clear that not all children’s toys are safe.
5.My experience with young children has taught me that I want to be a
disciplinary parent because I believe that a child without discipline can
be a parent’s worst nightmare.
Self-evaluation
Self-evaluation Unit 3
• Classwork (Class activities) 50%
• Google Classroom activities (text
production) 40%
• Participation (Participating every
class) 10%
Class Calendar November Group 100
• November 6th-10th use class hours to work on
your essay
• November 13th Essay First Draft
• November 15th & 17th Individual sessions
• November 22nd Peer review
• November 27th Final Version
