Lecture 01

Number Systems

CSE115: Programming Language I

Part 2
Octal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Decimal
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 8n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Example

7248 => 4 x 80 = 4
2 x 81 = 16
7 x 82 = 448
46810
Hexadecimal to Decimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Decimal
• Technique
• Multiply each bit by 16n, where n is the “weight” of the bit
• The weight is the position of the bit, starting from 0 on the right
• Add the results
Example

ABC16 => C x 160 = 12 x 1 = 12

B x 161 = 11 x 16 = 176
A x 162 = 10 x 256 = 2560
274810
Decimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Binary
• Technique
• Divide by two, keep track of the remainder
• First remainder is bit 0 (LSB, least-significant bit)
• Second remainder is bit 1
• Etc.
Example

12510 = ?2 2 125
2 62 1
2 31 0
2 15 1
2 7 1
2 3 1
2 1 1
0 1

12510 = 11111012
Decimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Octal
• Technique
• Divide by 8
• Keep track of the remainder
Example

123410 = ?8

8 1234
8 154 2
8 19 2
8 2 3
0 2

123410 = 23228
Decimal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Decimal to Hexadecimal
• Technique
• Divide by 16
• Keep track of the remainder
Example

123410 = ?16

16 1234
16 77 2
16 4 13 = D
0 4

123410 = 4D216
Octal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Binary
• Technique
• Convert each octal digit to a 3-bit equivalent binary
representation
Example

7058 = ?2

7 0 5

111 000 101

7058 = 1110001012
Binary to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Octal
• Technique
• Group bits in threes, starting on right
• Convert to octal digits
Example

10110101112 = ?8

1 011 010 111

1 3 2 7

10110101112 = 13278
Hexadecimal to Binary

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Binary
• Technique
• Convert each hexadecimal digit to a 4-bit equivalent binary
representation
Example

10AF16 = ?2

1 0 A F

0001 0000 1010 1111

10AF16 = 00010000101011112
Binary to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Binary to Hexadecimal
• Technique
• Group bits in fours, starting on right
• Convert to hexadecimal digits
Example

10101110112 = ?16

10 1011 1011

2 B B

10101110112 = 2BB16
Octal to Hexadecimal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Octal to Hexadecimal
• Technique
• Use binary as an intermediary
Example

10768 = ?16

1 0 7 6

001 000 111 110

2 3 E

10768 = 23E16
Hexadecimal to Octal

Decimal Octal

Binary Hexadecimal
Hexadecimal to Octal
• Technique
• Use binary as an intermediary
Example

1F0C16 = ?8

1 F 0 C

0001 1111 0000 1100

1 7 4 1 4

1F0C16 = 174148
Conversion Exercise

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33
1110101
703
1AF

Try not to use a calculator!

Conversion Exercise

Answer

Hexa-
Decimal Binary Octal decimal
33 100001 41 21
117 1110101 165 75
451 111000011 703 1C3
431 110101111 657 1AF
Common Powers (1 of 2)
• Base 10

Power Preface Symbol Value

10-12 pico p .000000000001

10-9 nano n .000000001

10-6 micro  .000001

10-3 milli m .001

103 kilo k 1000

106 mega M 1000000

109 giga G 1000000000

1012 tera T 1000000000000
Common Powers (2 of 2)
• Base 2

Power Preface Symbol Value

210 kilo k 1024

220 mega M 1048576

230 Giga G 1073741824

• What is the value of “k”, “M”, and “G”?

• In computing, particularly w.r.t. memory,
the base-2 interpretation generally applies
Example
In the lab…
1. Open File Explorer, then click on This PC
2. Right click on C:
3. Click on Properties

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