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Organism Interactions: Types and Examples

This document discusses different types of interactions between organisms: - Symbiosis can be mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism depending on whether both organisms benefit, one benefits without affecting the other, or one benefits at the expense of the other. Examples of each are given. - Other interactions include prey-predator relationships, and competition for resources within a habitat. - Biological control is described as using natural predators, parasites or pathogens to reduce pest populations. Advantages like being environmentally friendly and cheaper are mentioned, as well as potential weaknesses like disrupting ecosystem balance.

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Joanne Ong
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189 views17 pages

Organism Interactions: Types and Examples

This document discusses different types of interactions between organisms: - Symbiosis can be mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism depending on whether both organisms benefit, one benefits without affecting the other, or one benefits at the expense of the other. Examples of each are given. - Other interactions include prey-predator relationships, and competition for resources within a habitat. - Biological control is described as using natural predators, parasites or pathogens to reduce pest populations. Advantages like being environmentally friendly and cheaper are mentioned, as well as potential weaknesses like disrupting ecosystem balance.

Uploaded by

Joanne Ong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Topic 2:

Interaction
between
Organisms

2.3 Interdependance and


Interaction among Organisms,
and between Organisms and
the Environment
Interaction between Organisms
Mutualism

Symbiosis Commensalism

Types of
Prey-predator Parasitism
Interaction

Competition
Symbiosis
• Two or more organism of different species live closely together and
interact with one another

Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism


Symbiosis
Mutualism • Benefits both organisms
• Sea anemone
• Protects the clown fish
from predators
• Supplies food to it
• Clown fish
• Cleans the sea anemone
• Provides nutrients to it in
the form of waste
Symbiosis
Mutualism • Benefits both organisms
• Lichen
• Algae and fungi that live together
• Fungi
• Supply water and minerals to
algae
• Algae
• Carry out photosynthesis and
supply food to the fungi
Symbiosis
Mutualism • Benefits both organisms
• Mynah
• Gets food from buffalo by
eating the lice that stick to the
body of the buffalo
• Buffalo
• Body is free of lice
Symbiosis • Benefits one organism without harming or
benefitting the other.
Commensalism • Commensal – the organism that benefits

• Remora fish • Shark


• Commensal • host
• Gets food
Symbiosis • Benefits one organism without harming or
benefitting the other.
Commensalism • Commensal – the organism that benefits
• Bird’s nest fern
• Commensal
• Gets sunlight
• Trees
• host
Symbiosis • Benefits one organism only (parasite)
Parasitism • Harms the other organism (host)

• Tapeworm
• Parasite
• Absorbs nutrients
• Human intestine
• host
Symbiosis • Benefits one organism only (parasite)
Parasitism • Harms the other organism (host)

• Lice
• Parasite
• Suck blood
• Human / animals
• host
Prey - predator
• One organism that eats another organism
• Prey – organism being eaten
• Predator – hunts
Competition • Organisms in one habitat compete
for limited supply of basic needs
• Light, space, water, food, mates
Biological Control Important!!!
• Method that uses organisms that are natural predators, parasites
or pathogens to reduce the number of pests in an area.

• Owls are kept in palm oil


plantation to control the
population of rats.
Biological Control

• Bacillus thuringiensis is used to


control pests, namely the • Ladybird beetle eats
rhinoceros beetle in palm oil aphids, a crop pest.
plantations.
Biological Control

• Duck are reared in paddy fields to eat pests


such as snails and insects.
Biological Control Important!!!

Advantages
• Environmental friendly – does not use pesticides or chemicals
• Cheaper
• Does not affect humans’ health

Weaknesses
• Takes a long time before any effect is seen
• The balance of the ecosystem might be disrupted because a new
species is introduced into the ecosystem
See you
in the next
video …

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