Telecom Infrastructure

Case Study

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 Telecom Business
• Telecom operators’ aggressive pursuit of lean
business models has led to an evolution, with many
now turning to tower sharing as a viable option
• Telecoms infrastructure for operators primarily
consists of:
– Active infrastructure (such as spectrum, switches,
antennae)
– Passive infrastructure (such as towers, BTS shelters,
power)
– Backhaul
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Infrastructure

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 Infrastructure sharing
• Currently the most commonly shared
infrastructure among operators is passive
infrastructure, as it is easier to contract its set-up
and maintenance.
• Sharing passive infrastructure only, means that
newer operators still need to set up their own
transceivers and other transmission equipment.
• This limits the advantage for new operators, which
means existing operators save in the long term,
and still protect their interests in the short term.
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 Service Development
• Opportunity analysis
• Product definition and project setup
• Design and procurement
• Development, implementation, and system
testing
• Service turn-up
• Commissioning and life-cycle management

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 The Step(s)
• RF Survey
• Site Acquisition and Permission ( Local Bodies,
EB, SCFA and Pollution Board)
• Site Erection (Design and Construction)
• Site Acceptance Test

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 RF Survey
• Initial Network Planning / Estimation :
Coverage and Capacity
• CW Drive test and Model tuning
• Radio survey / documentation / site database
• Transmission planning / survey

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 RF Site Survey
• As in any task to be performed, the 'Site Survey'
should be first of all well-planned, so that its
execution, as best as possible
• Therefore, it is advisable to follow some basic
procedures, or some tasks that are common and
necessary: a pre-analysis before any 'Site Survey'.
• Before heading to the 'Site Survey' region, it is
extremely important to make a complete analysis of
that region. For this, all available resources should be
used: Aerial Photos, Google Earth, Maps, etc...
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 Site Prediction
• From the definition of equipment, we then spent some time on
theoretical calculations, where we'll set the location for our site
• For this, we must use Signal Propagation Prediction tools. These
tools, when properly adjusted, give us a very close notion to
what we can achieve. Of course not accurately predictions do
not reflects exactly what will be achieved in practice, but serve
as an excellent 'reference'
• A well-adjusted prediction tool is one that brings results close
to what we find when collect data, as in 'Drive Tests'. This
adjustment can be done through the use of different
'Propagation Models' for different areas (urban, suburban,
etc. ...)
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 Site Prediction
• The better the resolution of your bases, the greater the
accuracy. However, the processor uses more resources,
and takes longer to run
• Other features such as 'Building Heights' - ie, the heights
of existing buildings also greatly improve the accuracy of
the result, but are more difficult - and expensive - to
obtain.
• But remember that regardless of their 'reliability' of the
predictions, the most important is the 'comparison'
between the candidate points.

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 Drive Test
• In an ideal world, if it were possible to have a detailed 'Drive
Test' in the entire interest area, we'd have no need for
prediction tools, as we would have a true and complete
coverage knowledge, thus knowing where it needs to be
improved
• Unfortunately, it is not possible for many reasons, but we can
use the already available 'Drive Tests' as a supplement to the
analysis - even to validate the results obtained with the
prediction
• Therefore it is important to have quick and easy access to
Drive Tests processed data, for example using files already
processed in Mapinfo and/or Google Earth
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 Drive Test
• Open Drive Tests available in the region of
interest and take a time to save a few more
images, which can be very useful in the
field - so print it
• Once the analysis is done (Prediction,
'Drive Test', and others that are possible)
we can start the process of 'Site Survey'

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 Site Survey
• Quality
• Coverage
• Capacity

– While the 'Site Survey' should always try to meet all

purposes, one always stands out, or it have more priority
and this should be taken into account when running it
– In other words: for example, if the goal is to increase
coverage, you should look for a place with the best sight in
all directions of interest. But if the goal is capacity, focus on
that, and look for points that will solve this problem
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 Site Survey
• The basic concepts of the 'Site Survey' are very simple, and it is
worth only noting is intended for you to indicate one or more
points as possible candidates
• These points candidates must be within a region known as
'Search Ring'. Although the name suggests, this polygon can be
any shape, even a square

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 Site Survey
In 'Search Ring' as shown below, with only two buildings as
candidates, which one would you put as most suitable?

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 Choice of location
• If the 'Site Survey' is conducted in an urban area with
buildings as possible candidates, it is essential that
you go up into several, as much as possible

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 Site Erection
• Survey and Design
• Construction of Tower, Shelter and DG
Foundation
• Shelter and Tower erection
• Installation of DG and AC unit
• Alarm system integration

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 Site Installation
• BTS and Micro BTS Installation, Commissioning and
Integration
• MW and GSM/CDMA Antenna Installation
• VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) Measurement
and Power Calibration
• O & M Activities

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 Equipment Installation
• Equipment Installation
Proper grouting, Proper PCM cabling,
Proper connect of alarm cable, DC power
cabling, AC power cabling
• Feeders & Jumper Laying & clamped
• Proper Antenna hoisting
• Backup Battery & rectifier installation
• Earthing of All equipment
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 Next Steps … 1
• Given an area where 4 Sites are to be
installed, prepare a Project plan for the RF
Survey
• Prepare a plan for site erection and
commissioning

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 Next Step … 2
• Assuming you will outsource the work of
passive infrastructure deployment – prepare a
procurement plan and a contract with your
vendor
• Develop an acceptance test plan

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End of Section