Debre Berhan University
Power Plant Engineering
By Ashenafi Abebe
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Chapter-4
4.1 Introduction to
BOILERS
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Introduction
A TYPICAL COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER STATION 3
A TYPICAL COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER STATION 4
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The whole arrangement Main and Auxiliary
of a steam power station equipment
could be divided into 1. Coal handling plant
following steps. 2. Pulverizing plant
3. Draft fans
4. Boiler (Steam generator)
Coal and ash 5. Ash handling plant
handling 6. Turbine
7. Condenser
arrangement 8. Cooling towers and
Steam generating ponds
plant 9. Feed water heater
10. Economizer
Steam turbine 11. Super heater and
Alternator Reheater
Feed water 12. Air preheater
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Boilers
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Boiler terms
Shell: Consists of one or more steel plates
bent into a cylindrical form and riveted or
welded together. The shell ends are closed
with end plates
Setting: The primary function of setting is to
confine heat to the boiler and form a passage
for gases. It is made of brick work and may
form the wall of the furnace and combustion
chamber
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Grate: it is a platform in the furnace upon which fuel is
burnt
Furnace: it is the chamber formed by the space above the
grate and below the boiler shell, in which combustion
takes place.
Water space and steam space: the volume of the shell
that is occupied by the water is termed as water space
while the entire shell volume less the water and tubes is
called steam space
Mountings: The items which are used for safety of boiler
are called mountings
Accessories: The items which are used for increasing the
boiler efficiency are called accessories
Water level: The level at which water stands in the boiler
is called water level
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Boiler properties:
I. Safety: The boiler should be safe under operating
conditions.
II. Accessibility: The various parts of the boiler should
be accessible for repair and maintenance.
III. Capacity: Should be capable of supplying steam
according to the requirements.
IV. Efficiency: Should be able to absorb a maximum
amount of heat produced due to burning of fuel in
the furnace.
V. It should be simple in construction .
VI. Its initial cost and maintenance cost should be low.
VII. The boiler should have no joints exposed to flames.
VIII.Should be capable of quick starting and loading.
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Classification of boilers
Horizontal, vertical or inclined
Fire tube and water tube
Externally fired and internally fired
Forced circulation and natural circulation
High pressure and low pressure
Stationary and portable
Single tube and multi tube
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Horizontal, vertical or inclined
Vertical Boiler Horizontal Boiler
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Single tube and multi tube
The fire tube boilers are classified as single
tube or multi-tube boilers, depending upon
whether the fire tube is one or more than
one.
Examples of single tube boilers are Cornish
and simple vertical boiler
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Fire tube and water tube
Fire Tube Boiler Water Tube Boiler
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Content of Tubes
Fire Tube Water Tube
In water tube boiler
In fire tube boiler hot flue gas
water will be moved
will be moved inside the tubes
inside the tube & hot
& water outside the tube.
flue gases outside the
In fire tube boiler mode of
tubes.
firing is generally internally
Mode of firing is
fired.
externally fired.
In fire tube boiler operating
Operating pressure can
pressure limited to 25 kg/cm²
exceed 125 kg/cm² or
more
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DRAUGHT
Natural Draught Mechanized Draught
The draught
required for the Forced Induced Balanced
flow of air & gas
inside the boiler is
created by • Fans are used to • Fans installed at Both Forced &
chimney alone draw air from the outlet of boiler, Induced
atmosphere & evacuate the gases draught fans
from furnace. So a are used to
push into the
negative Pressure
furnace. is developed in
derive the
• The entire boiler furnace & air from benefits of both
will be kept above atmosphere enters systems.
atmospheric the furnace
pressure 25
Boilers
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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