GASOLINE ENGINE
TUNE-UP
ENGINE TUNE-UP
• Restores drive ability, power, performance, and economy
that have been lost through wear, corrosion and
deterioration of engine parts.
• All worn parts are repaired or replaced and everything is
adjusted to specifications.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS THAT
THE ENGINE NEEDS TUNE UP
FUEL SYTEM1. IMPROPER
TROUBLE ENGINE
- clogged IDLING
or damaged carburetor jets
- incorrect idle
adjustment
- clogged air cleaner
- clogged fuel filter
- defective manifold
gaskets or carburetor insulator
- improper float level
adjustment
OTHERS - incorrect valve clearance
- air inhaling from manifold gasket or
carburetor gaskets.
- extremely low revolution
2. ENGINE POWER NOT UP TO NORMAL
- Defective spark plugs
- defective distributor points
or contact points
- advance mechanisms
defective
FUEL SYSTEM TROUBLE - malfunction of choke system
- clogged fuel pipe or floating
valve
- dirty or clogged fuel strainer
- fuel pump will not work
properly
- clogged carburetor jets
- throttle valve does not open
fully
- fuel pump out of adjustment
AIR INTAKE SYSTEM TROUBLE - clogged air cleaner
- air inhaling
from manifold gasket or carburetor gaskets.
ENGINE OIL
• The oil lubricates moving parts to reduce wear.
• As the oil moves through the engine, the oil picks up heat
• Oil fills the clearances between bearing and rotating journals
• The oil helps form a gas tight seal between piston rings and
cylinder walls.
• The oil acts as a cleaning agent.
PROPER VISCOSITY OF OIL
VISCOSITY – is a measure of an oil’s resistance to flow. A low-viscosity
oil is thin and flows easily. A high-viscosity oil is thicker it flows more
slowly.
GASOLINE ENGINE HAS LOW VISCOSITY THAN THE DIESEL
ENGINE.
VISCOSITY NUMBERS – the higher the number the thicker the oil.
SAE 40, SAE 50, SAE 30, SAE 25
S- ociety of
A- utomotive
E- ngineers
SERVICE RATING OF OIL
A-merican
P-etroleum
I-nstitute
API – indicates the service for which the oil is best suited
S series lubricating oil is for SPARK IGNITION ENGINE OIL or
gasoline engine oil
Example ; SG, SH, SJ
C series lubricating oil is for COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE OIL
or diesel engine
Example ; CF, CH, CI
3. NOISY ENGINE
KNOCKING - timing knocking ‘adjust ignition timing’
- fuel knocking ‘use
specified octane fuel’
- preignition use specified
spark plug
- an improper adjustment of
valve clearance
• Heat range indicates how fast
SPARK PLUG HEAT RANGE the plug transfers heat from the
combustion chamber to the
cylinder head. This is primarily
determined by the length of the
lower insulator.
• A longer the nose on a spark
plug forces the heat from the
tip to travel farther before it is
absorbed by the cylinder head,
which reatins more of the heat
in the plug tip - making the plug
"hotter" than a similar plug
with a shorter nose.
4. ABNORMAL COMBUSTION
IMPROPER IGNITION TIMING - improper ignition timing
-
improper heat range of spark plugs
- high-
voltage leakage in coil,
distributor cap. rotor
FUEL SYSTEM TROUBLE - damaged carburetor or manifold gasket
‘LEAN MIXTURE’ - defective carburetor jet
‘RICH MIXTURE’ - improper function of the float
- uneven idling
OTHERS - improper adjusted
valve clearance
5. EXCESSIVE
IMPROPER FUEL
IGNITION TIMING CONSUMPTION
- improper ignition timing
FUEL SYSTEM TROUBLE - leaky carburetor
-
rich mixture
-
sticking or improperly-adjusted choke
-
high float level
-
clogged air cleaner
-
worn carburetor jets
6. SMOKY EXHAUST
BLUE SMOKE - Excessive oil consumption ‘burning oil in the
combustion chamber’
OVERHAULING
BLACK SMOKE - EXCESSIVELY RICH MIXTURE
rich mixture
sticking or improperly-adjusted choke
high float level
clogged air cleaner
worn carburetor jets
WHITE SMOKE - STEAM IN EXHAUST
Replace gasket; tighten head bolts to eliminate
coolant leakage into combustion chamber
- internal leaks
TROUBLE IN IGNITION SYSTEM - improper ignition timing
7. ENGINE BACKFIRES
- spark plug wrong heat range
- high voltage leakage in coil,
distributor cap, rotor
- cross-firing spark-plug cables
TROUBLE IN FUEL SYSTEM - excessive rich or lean
mixture
OTHERS - valves hot or stuck
- carbon in engine
8. ENGINE MISSES
TROUBLE IN IGNITION SYSTEM - defective spark plug
- defective distributor cap. Rotor, or
cable
- cross-firing plug cables
OTHERS - valve stuck open
- broken valve spring
- burned valve
- bent pushrod
- flat camlobe
8. ROUGH IDLE
TROUBLE IN IGNITION SYSTEM - fouled, shorted or improperly
gapped spark plug
- defective distributor cap. Rotor, or
cable
- open or crossed high-tension
cords
- incorrect timing
OTHERS - incorrect valve clearance
- vacuum leak in;
VACUUM HOSE
INTAKE MANIFOLD
THROTTLE BODY
GASOLINE ENGINE TUNE UP FOR 4-K
ENGINE
1. ADJUSTING INTAKE AND EXHAUST VALVE CLEARANCE
2. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING FAN BELT
3. RETIGHTENING CYLINDER HEAD NUTS, MANIFOLD BOLTS, AND
CARBURETOR SECURING NUTS
4. CHECKING ENGINE COMPRESSION
5. LUBRICATING ACCELERATOR LINKAGE
6. CHECKING BATTERY
7. CHECKING AND ADJUSTING IGNITION TIMING
8. CHECKING DISTRIBUTOR BREAKER POINT
9. CHECKING OR REPLACING SPARK PLUGS
[Link] AND CLEANING HIGH TENSION WIRES, DISTRIBUTOR CAP AND
ROTOR
[Link] DISTRIBUTOR SHAFT AND CAM HEEL
12. CLEANING OR REPLACING AIR CLEANER FILTER
13. CLEANING OR REPLACING FUEL FILTER
14. ADJUSTING CARBURETOR-IDLE RPM MIXTURE
RATIO
15. CHECKING FUEL LINES
16. REPLACING OIL FILTER
17. CHANGING ENGINE OIL
18. CHANGING ENGINE COOLANT
19. CHECKING COOLING SYSTEM FOR LEAKS
BASIC MECHANICAL SYSTEM
ADJUSTING VALVE CLEARANCE
CHECKING AND ADJUSTING FAN BELT
RETIGHTENING CYLINDER HEAD NUTS
MANIFOLD BOLTS AND NUTS
CHECKING ENGINE COMPRESSION
(IF COMPRESSION PRESSURE IS BEHIND MINIMUM ITS
ADVISABLE TO OVERHAUL)
TROUBLE SHOOTING PROCEDURE:
Pour engine oil into plug hole and then measure cylinder
compression
COMPRESSION INCREASES
- Trouble in cylinder or piston ring
COMPRESSION DOES NOT CHANGE
- Compression leaks from valve, cylinder head or head gasket
IGNITION SYSTEM
CHECKING BATTERY
CHECKING AND ADJUSTING IGNITION TIMING
CHECKING DISTRIBUTING BREAKER POINT AND DWEEL
ANGLE
CHECKING OR REPLACING SPARK PLUG
CHECKING AND CLEANING HIGH TENSION WIRES
CHECKING DISTRIBUTOR CAP AND ROTOR
CHECKING BALLAST RESISTOR AND IGNITION COIL
GREASING DISTRIBUTOR SHAFT AND CAM
HEEL
FUEL SYSTEM
CHECKING, CLEANING OR REPLACING AIR
CLEANER
REPLACING FUEL FILTER
ADJUSTING CARBURETOR IDLE RPM
MIXTURE RATIO
CHECKING FUEL LINES FOR LEAKS
CHECKING FUEL PUMP
LUBRICANT AND COOLING SYSTEM
REPLACING OIL
REPLACING OIL FILTER
REPLACE ENGINE COOLANT AND CHECK FOR
LEAKS
